sibvestСибирский вестник сельскохозяйственной наукиSiberian Herald of Agricultural Science0370-87992658-462XSiberian Federal Scientific Centre of Agro-BioTechnologies of the Russian Academy of Sciences10.26898/0370-8799-2022-5-13sibvest-1178Research ArticleМЕХАНИЗАЦИЯ, АВТОМАТИЗАЦИЯ, МОДЕЛИРОВАНИЕ И ИНФОРМАЦИОННОЕ ОБЕСПЕЧЕНИЕMECHANISATION, AUTOMATION, MODELLING AND DATAWAREМетоды неинвазивной оценки полового диморфизма эмбрионов в яйце птицыMethods for noninvasive assessment of sexual dimorphism of embryos in the poultry eggАлейниковА. Ф.AleynikovA. F.

доктор технических наук, профессор, главный научный сотрудник

630501, Новосибирская область, р.п. Краснообск, а/я 463

Alexandr F. Aleynikov, Doctor of Science in Engineering, Professor, Head Researcher

PO Box 463, Krasnoobsk, Novosibirsk Region, 630501

fti2009@yandex.ruСибирский федеральный научный центр агробиотехнологий Российской академии наук; Новосибирский государственный технический университет НовосибирскРоссияSiberian Federal Scientific Center of Agro-BioTechnologies of the Russian Academy of Sciences; Novosibirsk State Technical UniversityRussian Federation202201122022525105116Copyright © Алейников А.Ф., 20222022Алейников А.Ф.Aleynikov A.F.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://sibvest.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/1178

Показана необходимость определения пола эмбрионов в яйце птицы неинвазивными методами до инкубации и в ее период. Применение неразрушающих методов оценки полового диморфизма на практике существенно уменьшит затраты на производство яиц и мяса сельскохозяйственной птицы. Внедрение таких методов также снизит нравственные проблемы, связанные с физическим уничтожением вылупившихся цыплят в зависимости от яичного или бройлерного направления профиля птицефабрик. Рассмотрены основные методы и технические средства определения полового диморфизма, применяемые в мировой практике, основным недостатком которых является сложность реализации и связанная с ней высокая цена приобретения таких средств. Проведен анализ существующих мировых тенденций по определению полового диморфизма эмбрионов в яйце птицы. Выявлены менее затратные методы оценки их пола до инкубации и во время ее проведения. Проанализированы основные неинвазивные методы оценки полового диморфизма эмбриона яйца и показаны преимущества и недостатки этих методов. Научная новизна исследований заключается в том, что впервые предложено использовать при оценке полового диморфизма все параметры формы, включая асимметрию яйца по трем пространственным координатам, определяемым методами компьютерного зрения. Предложена экспериментальная колориметрическая установка для оценки полового диморфизма эмбрионов яиц до и во время инкубационного процесса на основе компьютерного зрения. Использование экспериментальной установки при исследованиях позволит оценить эффективность не менее трех методов определения полового диморфизма эмбрионов в яйце курицы по следующим параметрам: пространственной асимметрии яйца, структурным изменениям развития эмбриона и частоте его сердечных сокращений.

The necessity of determining the sex in the bird's egg by non-invasive methods before incubation and during the incubation period is shown. The use of non-destructive methods for assessing sexual dimorphism in practice will significantly reduce the cost of producing eggs and poultry meat. The introduction of such methods will reduce the moral problems associated with the physical destruction of hatched chickens, depending on the egg or broiler direction of the poultry farm profile. The main methods and technical means for determining sexual dimorphism, used in world practice, are considered, the main disadvantage of which is the complexity of implementation and the associated high cost of acquiring such tools. Analysis of current world trends in the determination of sexual dimorphism of embryos in the poultry egg was carried out. Less costly methods of estimating their sex before and during incubation were identified. The main noninvasive methods for assessing the sexual dimorphism of the egg embryo are analyzed and the advantages and disadvantages of these methods are shown. The scientific novelty of the research lies in the fact that for the first time it was proposed to use all shape parameters, including egg asymmetries in three spatial coordinates, determined by computer vision methods, when assessing sexual dimorphism. An experimental colorimetric apparatus for assessing the sexual dimorphism of egg embryos before and during the incubation process based on computer vision was proposed. The use of an experimental setup in research will allow evaluating the effectiveness of at least 3 methods for determining the sexual dimorphism of chicken eggs in terms of parameters: spatial asymmetry of the egg, structural changes in the development of the embryo and its heart rate.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.