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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">sibvest</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Сибирский вестник сельскохозяйственной науки</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Siberian Herald of Agricultural Science</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0370-8799</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2658-462X</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Siberian Federal Scientific Centre of Agro-BioTechnologies of the Russian Academy of Sciences</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.26898/0370-8799-2022-6-14</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">sibvest-1226</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ИЗ ИСТОРИИ СЕЛЬСКОХОЗЯЙСТВЕННОЙ НАУКИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>FROM THE HISTORY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCE</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Наркомы земледелия первого советского правительства и начало революционных аграрных преобразований в России (1917–1920 гг.)</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>People's commissars for agriculture of the first Soviet government and the beginning of the revolutionary agrarian transformations in Russia (1917–1920)</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Донченко</surname><given-names>А. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Donchenko</surname><given-names>A. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p> </p><p>Новосибирская область, р.п. Краснообск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Academician RAS, Head Researcher, Head of Research Group</p><p>Krasnoobsk, Novosibirsk Region</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Папков</surname><given-names>С. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Papkov</surname><given-names>S. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p> </p><p>Новосибирск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Candidate of Science in Veterinary Medicine, Lead Reseacher</p><p>Novosibirsk</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Самоловова</surname><given-names>Т. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Samolovova</surname><given-names>T. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p> </p><p>Новосибирская область, р.п. Краснообск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Doctor of Science in History, Professor</p><p>Krasnoobsk, Novosibirsk Region</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">tamara-2340@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Донченко</surname><given-names>Н. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Donchenko</surname><given-names>N. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p> </p><p>Новосибирская область, р.п. Краснообск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Corresponding Member RAS, Business Unit Supervisor</p><p>Krasnoobsk, Novosibirsk Region</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">Сибирский федеральный научный центр агробиотехнологий Российской академии наук<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Siberian Federal Scientific Centre of Agro-BioTechnologies of the Russian Academy of Sciences<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru">Институт истории Сибирского отделения Российской академии наук<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Institute of History of Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2022</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>14</day><month>01</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>52</volume><issue>6</issue><fpage>122</fpage><lpage>131</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Донченко А.С., Папков С.А., Самоловова Т.Н., Донченко Н.А., 2023</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Донченко А.С., Папков С.А., Самоловова Т.Н., Донченко Н.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Donchenko A.S., Papkov S.A., Samolovova T.N., Donchenko N.A.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://sibvest.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/1226">https://sibvest.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/1226</self-uri><abstract><p>Представлен анализ деятельности первых советских наркомов земледелия в контексте переустройства аграрной экономики после революции 1917 г. Дано описание причин и особенностей земельного кризиса в России и его влияния на политическую жизнь. Проанализирован характер первых опытов преобразования сельского хозяйства на фоне революционных событий. Приход к власти в России радикальных революционных сил послужил причиной попытки проведения в жизнь проекта «социализации» земли, разработанного партией левых эсеров и поддержанного большевиками. Основу этого проекта составляли специфические представления социалистов о достижении прогресса в сельском хозяйстве лишь путем максимальной централизации аграрного производства и огосударствления земли, исключающего какое-либо частное землевладение. Отдельное место в описании занимает оценка советских законодательных актов, связанных с внедрением коллективных форм землеустройства и государственного управления сельской экономикой. Отмечено, что в течение первых трех лет развития революции были сделаны решительные шаги по реализации данного проекта. Однако практические результаты ясно обнаружили их утопичность. К 1921 г. развитие сельского хозяйства, как и других отраслей на основе огосударствления, привело к общеполитическому кризису в стране и необходимости введения нэпа. Освещена роль первых организаторов советской аграрной системы – наркомов земледелия РСФСР. Приведены некоторые биографические сведения о них, дана оценка их политических взглядов относительно способов решения земельного вопроса в стране. Статья дает оригинальную интерпретацию первых революционных преобразований аграрной экономики России, а также участия в них наркомов земледелия.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Analysis of the activities of the first Soviet people’s commissars of agriculture in the context of the restructuring of the agrarian economy after the Revolution of 1917 is presented. A description of the causes and features of the land crisis in Russia and its impact on political life is given. The nature of the first experiments in the transformation of agriculture against the backdrop of revolutionary events is analyzed. As radical revolutionary forces came to power in Russia, the project of "socialization" of the land, developed by the Left Socialist Revolutionary Party and supported by the Bolsheviks, was attempted. The basis of this project was the specific ideas of socialists to achieve progress in agriculture only through the maximum centralization of agricultural production and the nationalization of land, eliminating any private land ownership. The assessment of the Soviet legislative acts related to the introduction of collective forms of land management and state management of the rural economy stands out in this description. It is noted that during the first three years of the revolution's development, decisive steps were taken to implement this project. However, the practical results clearly revealed their utopian nature. By 1921, the development of agriculture, as well as other sectors on the basis of governmentalization led to a general political crisis in the country and the need to introduce the New Economic Policy. The role of the first organizers of the Soviet agrarian system, the people's commissars of agriculture of the RSFSR, is highlighted. Some biographical information about them is given, and their political views on the ways of solving the land issue in the country are evaluated. The article provides an original interpretation of the first revolutionary transformations of the agrarian economy of Russia, as well as the participation of the people's commissars of agriculture in them.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>революция</kwd><kwd>Наркомат земледелия</kwd><kwd>Декрет о земле</kwd><kwd>В.П. Милютин</kwd><kwd>А.Л. Колегаев</kwd><kwd>С.П. Середа</kwd><kwd>крестьянство</kwd><kwd>сельскохозяйственное производство</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>revolution</kwd><kwd>People's Commissariat of Agriculture</kwd><kwd>Decree on Land</kwd><kwd>V. P. Milyutin</kwd><kwd>A.L. Kolegaev</kwd><kwd>S. P. Sereda</kwd><kwd>peasantry</kwd><kwd>agricultural production</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Кабанов В.В. Народный комиссар земледелия В.П. Милютин // Первое советское правительство. Октябрь 1917 – июль 1918: монография. М.: Политиздат, 1991.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kabanov V.V. People's Commissar of Agriculture V.P. Milyutin. The First Soviet Government. October 1917 - July 1918. Moscow, Politizdat Publ., 1991. (In Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Милютин В. 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