sibvestСибирский вестник сельскохозяйственной наукиSiberian Herald of Agricultural Science0370-87992658-462XSiberian Federal Scientific Centre of Agro-BioTechnologies of the Russian Academy of Sciences10.26898/0370-8799-2024-8-7sibvest-2005Research ArticleЗООТЕХНИЯ И ВЕТЕРИНАРИЯZOOTECHNICS AND VETERINARY MEDICINEИсследование протяженных гомозиготных районов хромосом у кур породы итальянская куропатчатаяStudy of extended homozygous chromosome regions in Italian partridge breed of chickensСмарагдовМ. Г.SmaragdovM. G.

Кандидат биологических наук, старший научный сотрудник 

196625, г. Санкт-Петербург, Тярлево, Московское шоссе, 55а 

Michael G. Smaragdov, Candidate of Science in Biology, Senior Researcher 

55a, Moskovskoe shosse, Tyarlevo, Saint Petersburg, 196625 

mik7252@yandex.ruВсероссийский научно-исследовательский институт генетики и разведения сельскохозяйственных животных – филиал Федерального исследовательского центра животноводства им. академика Л.К. ЭрнстаРоссияAll-Russia Research Institute of Farm Animal Genetics and Breeding – Branch of the L.K. Ernst Federal Research Center for Animal HusbandryRussian Federation2024230920245486774Copyright © Смарагдов М.Г., 20242024Смарагдов М.Г.Smaragdov M.G.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://sibvest.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/2005

Селекция и сопутствующий ей инбридинг составляют основу разведения различных пород кур. С появлением современных молекулярных методов оценки инбридинга стало возможным идентифицировать гены и их функции в гомозиготных районах (ROH) хромосом кур. В настоящем исследовании осуществлен полногеномный анализ гомозиготных районов хромосом у кур породы итальянская куропатчатая с применением SNP чипа Illumina Chicken 60K SNP iSelect BeadChip. В ходе исследования в хромосомах кур выявлено в среднем 177 ± 5 ROH-последовательностей на одну птицу, при этом средний коэффициент инбридинга составил 0,30 ± 0,01. Было установлено, что в геноме кур преобладают короткие ROH-последовательности (0,25–2 м.п.н.). ROH-последовательности длиной более 8 м.п.н., свидетельствующие о недавнем инбридинге, составляют не более 2,2%. Определено, что в целом ROH-последовательности плотнее распределены в микрохромосомах кур, исключение составляет хромосома 16, не имеющая ROH-последовательностей. Этот факт обусловлен гетерозиготностью аллелей генов, ответственных за иммунитет и расположенных в микрохромосоме 16. В хромосомах 1, 5 и 14 обнаружены ROH-островки. Гены в ROH-островках ответственны за выклевывание перьев (ген DMD), состояние иммунитета (гены ТАВ3, EIF2S3), массу тела (ген IL1RAPL1), рН мяса (гены EIF2S3, APOO, KLHL15), яйценоскость (ген APOO), усвоение кормов (ген SAT1), агрессивность петухов (ген SLITRK6), транспорт внутриклеточных компонентов в развивающихся нейронах и защиту гетерохроматина в ядрах клеток нейронов (ген NDE1), адаптацию кур к тропическим условиям обитания (ген CDIN1). Таким образом, ROH-анализ позволил выделить гены, потенциально селектированные в результате разведения кур породы итальянская куропатчатая.

Selection and accompanying inbreeding are the basis for breeding chicken breeds. With the advent of modern molecular methods for assessing inbreeding, it has become possible to identify genes and their functions in the homozygous regions (ROH) of chicken chromosomes. In this study, a genome-wide analysis of homozygous regions of chromosomes in Italian partridge chickens was carried out using an SNP chip Illumina Chicken 60KSNPiSelectBeadChipchip. An average of 177 ± 5 ROH-sequences per chicken were identified in the chicken chromosomes, and the average inbreeding coefficient was 0.30 ± 0.01. It was determined that the chicken genome is dominated by short ROH-sequences of 0.25–2 Mbp. ROH-sequences longer than 8 Mbp indicating recent inbreeding account for no more than 2.2%. It was found that, in general, ROH-sequences are more densely distributed in chicken microchromosomes, with the exception of chromosome 16, which does not have ROH-sequences. This fact is due to the heterozygosity of the alleles of the genes responsible for immunity, located in microchromosome 16. ROH-islands were found in the chicken chromosomes 1, 5, and 14. The genes in ROH-islands are responsible for feather pecking in chickens (DMD gene), immune status (TAB3, EIF2S3 genes), body weight (IL1RAPL1 gene), pH of meat (EIF2S3, APOO, KLHL15 genes), egg production (APOO gene), feed uptake (SAT1 gene), aggressiveness of roosters (SLITRK6 gene), transport of intracellular components in developing neurons and protection of heterochromatin in the cell nuclei of neurons (NDE1 gene), adaptation of chickens to tropical living conditions (CDIN1 gene). Thus, ROH analysis allowed us to identify genes potentially selectable as a result of breeding Italian partridge breed chickens.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.