sibvestСибирский вестник сельскохозяйственной наукиSiberian Herald of Agricultural Science0370-87992658-462XSiberian Federal Scientific Centre of Agro-BioTechnologies of the Russian Academy of Sciences10.26898/0370-8799-2024-9-1sibvest-2070Research ArticleРАСТЕНИЕВОДСТВО И СЕЛЕКЦИЯPLANT GROWING AND BREEDINGВлияние модельного засоления на свойства степных черноземов Высокого ЗаволжьяEffect of simulated salinization on the properties of steppe chernozems of the Upper Volga RegionГалактионоваЛ. В.GalaktionovaL. V.

кандидат биологических наук, научный сотрудник отдела технологии зерновых и кормовых культур

460000, Оренбургская область, Оренбург, ул. 9 Января, 29

Candidate of Science in Biology, Researcher at the Department of Grain and Forage Crops Technology

29, January 9th St., Orenburg, Orenburg Region, 460000

ЮлдашеваИ. З.YuldashevaI. Z.

кандидат биологических наук, научный сотрудник отдела технологии зерновых и кормовых культур

460000, Оренбургская область, Оренбург, ул. 9 Января, 29

Candidate of Science in Biology, Researcher at the Department of Grain and Forage Crops Technology

29, January 9th St., Orenburg, Orenburg Region, 460000

gubaidullinae@mail.ruФедеральный научный центр биологических систем и агротехнологий Российской академии наукРоссияFederal Research Centre of Biological Systems and Agrotechnologies of the Russian Academy of SciencesRussian Federation202426072025549514Copyright © Галактионова Л.В., Юлдашева И.З., 20252025Галактионова Л.В., Юлдашева И.З.Galaktionova L.V., Yuldasheva I.Z.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://sibvest.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/2070

Развитие процессов засоления почв степной зоны является серьезной угрозой для обеспечения продовольственной безопасности страны. Это одна из основных экологических и социальноэкономических проблем во всем мире, которая будет усугубляться в связи с прогнозируемыми климатическими изменениями. Территория Оренбургской области практически полностью расположена в зоне плодородных черноземов. В работе изучено воздействие модельного засоления почв на агрономические свойства и биологическую активность черноземов южных Оренбургской области. Полевой опыт (2019–2022 гг.) проведен на яровой твердой пшенице сорта «Оренбургская 10» в периоды активной вегетации растений. Растворы солей готовили путем смешивания соли с деионизированной водой в концентрации NaCl (хлорид натрия) – 1,1 и 11,7 г/л. Показатели ферментативной активности черноземов продемонстрировали разную чувствительность к моделируемому солевому стрессу и по устойчивости к внесению токсичной соли сформировали следующий ряд: уреаза > каталаза > протеаза > полифенолоксидаза > пероксидаза. В ходе исследования наблюдалось снижение содержания органического вещества и аммонийной формы азота в почве. Увеличение концентрации раствора хлорида натрия до 1,1 и 11,7 г/л способствовало развитию процессов пептизации и снижению показателей агрегатного состава степных черноземов. Представленные результаты влияния засоления на агрономические и биологические свойства почв позволили провести оценку устойчивости степных черноземов к данному виду деградации. 

The development of soil salinization processes in the steppe zone is a serious threat to food security in the country. This phenomenon has become one of the main environmental and socio-economic problems worldwide, and it is expected to worsen due to predicted climate changes. The territory of the Orenburg region is almost entirely located in the zone of fertile chernozems. The paper studies the effect of simulated soil salinization on the agronomic properties and biological activity of southern chernozems in the Orenburg region. The field experiment (2019–2022) was conducted on spring durum wheat variety “Orenburgskaya 10” during the periods of active vegetation of plants. Salt solutions were prepared by mixing salt with deionized water at NaCl (sodium chloride) concentrations of 1.1 and 11.7 g/l. The enzymatic activity indices of the chernozems demonstrated different sensitivity to the modeled salt stress and form the following series in terms of resistance to the introduction of toxic salt: urease> catalase> protease> polyphenol oxidase> peroxidase. During the course of the study, a decrease in organic matter and ammonium form of nitrogen in the soil was observed. Increasing the concentration of sodium chloride solution to 1,1 and 11,7 g/l promoted the development of peptization processes and a decrease in the aggregate composition of steppe chernozems. The presented results of the effect of salinization on the agronomic and biological properties of soils made it possible to assess the resistance of steppe chernozems to this type of degradation. 

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.