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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">sibvest</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Сибирский вестник сельскохозяйственной науки</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Siberian Herald of Agricultural Science</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0370-8799</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2658-462X</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Siberian Federal Scientific Centre of Agro-BioTechnologies of the Russian Academy of Sciences</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.26898/0370-8799-2025-8-7</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">sibvest-2306</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ЗООТЕХНИЯ И ВЕТЕРИНАРИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ZOOTECHNICS AND VETERINARY MEDICINE</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Сап лошадей: оценка угроз возникновения и распространения (обзор)</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Glanders in horses: assessment of threats and spread (review)</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0264-0218</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Беспалова</surname><given-names>Т. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bespalova</surname><given-names>T. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Беспалова Татьяна Юрьевна, заместитель руководителя группы</p><p>443013, Самара, ул. Магнитогорская, 8</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Tatiana Yu. Bespalova, Deputy Head of the Group</p><p>8, Magnitogorskaya St., Samara, 443013</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">samara@ficvim.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6411-6027</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Михалева</surname><given-names>Т. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Mikhaleva</surname><given-names>T. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Михалева Татьяна Владимировна, ученый  секретарь, кандидат ветеринарных наук</p><p>Самара</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Tatiana V. Mikhaleva, Academic Secretary, Candidate of Science in Veterinary Medicine</p><p>Samara</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5161-1184</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Блохин</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Blokhin</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Блохин Андрей Александрович, ведущий научный сотрудник, кандидат ветеринарных наук</p><p>Нижний Новгород</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Andrey A. Blokhin, Lead Researcher, Candidate of Science in Veterinary Medicine</p><p>Nizhny Novgorod</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">Самарский научно-исследовательский ветеринарный институт – филиал Федерального исследовательского центра вирусологии и микробиологии<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Samara Research Veterinary Institute – Branch of the Federal Research Center for Virology and Microbiology<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru">Нижегородский научно-исследовательский ветеринарный институт – филиал Федерального исследовательского центра вирусологии и микробиологии<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Nizhny Novgorod Research Veterinary Institute – Branch of the Federal Research Center for Virology and Microbiology<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>31</day><month>10</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>55</volume><issue>8</issue><fpage>67</fpage><lpage>77</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Беспалова Т.Ю., Михалева Т.В., Блохин А.А., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Беспалова Т.Ю., Михалева Т.В., Блохин А.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Bespalova T.Y., Mikhaleva T.V., Blokhin A.A.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://sibvest.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/2306">https://sibvest.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/2306</self-uri><abstract><p>Сап является заразным зоонозным и потенциально смертельным заболеванием, вызываемым бактерией Burkholderia (B.) mallei. К возбудителю сапа восприимчивы лошади, ослы, мулы, а также человек. В начале – середине XX в. сап был ликвидирован в Европе, Северной Америке, Японии, Австралии и в СССР. В странах Ближнего Востока, Азии, Южной Америки заболевание приобрело эндемичный характер. Развитие международной торговли лошадьми способствовало заносу возбудителя с латентными животными-носителями в свободные от инфекции регионы и в последние десятилетия стали регистрировать вспышки сапа в благополучных странах, в том числе в России, вследствие чего его стали относить к «возвращающимся» инфекциям. Способность возбудителя к заражению в низких дозах в форме аэрозоля обусловливает его причисление к потенциальным агентам биотерроризма. В настоящем обзоре показа но современное распространение сапа с учетом увеличения поголовья лошадей в разрезе стран с развитым коневодством и рисков заноса инфекции в Россию c целью повышения информированности ветеринарных служб и усиления мер контроля в отношении данного заболевания.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Glanders, a contagious zoonotic and potentially fatal disease, is caused by the bacterium Burkholderia (B.) mallei. Horses, donkeys, mules and humans are susceptible to the pathogen. In the early to mid-20th century, glanders was eradicated in Europe, North America, Japan, Australia, and the USSR. In the countries of the Middle East, Asia, and South America, the disease became endemic. The development of international trade in horses contributed to the introduction of the pathogen with latent carrier equids to free regions, and in recent decades, outbreaks of glanders have been registered in disease-free countries, including Russia, as a result of which it began to be classified as a re-emerged disease. The ability of the pathogen to infect at low doses in aerosol form makes it a potential bioterrorism agent. This review shows the current distribution of glanders with regard to the increasing number of horses in countries with developed horse breeding and the risks of infection in Russia in order to increase the awareness of veterinary services and enhanced countermeasures against this disease.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>Burkholderia mallei</kwd><kwd>поголовье лошадей</kwd><kwd>вспышка</kwd><kwd>эндемичность</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Burkholderia mallei</kwd><kwd>equine population</kwd><kwd>outbreak</kwd><kwd>endemicity</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group xml:lang="ru"><funding-statement>Работа выполнена при поддержке Минобрнауки России в рамках государственного задания ФГБНУ «Федеральный  исследовательский центр вирусологии и микробиологии» (тема No. FGNM-2022-0007).</funding-statement></funding-group><funding-group xml:lang="en"><funding-statement>The research was carried out under the support of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation within  the state assignment of the Federal Research Center for Virology and Microbiology (theme No. FGNM-2022-0007).</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Khan I., Wieler L.H., Melzer F., Elschner M.C., Muhammad G., Ali S., Sprague L.D., Neubauer H., Saqib M. 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