Breeding value of cows - methods of recording and evaluation

   The study of cow milk yield as a sign of breeding value of cows was carried out. It is noted that the generally accepted method of evaluating the actual breeding value of cows by productivity indices for the first 305 days does not reflect the true breeding value of animals, does not show the potential, does not give information about the reproductive qualities of animals. The evaluation data of 10 stud bulls for 2020, 2021 in the breeding farm of the red steppe breed of the Kabardino-Balkarian Republic were studied. The average milk yield in the herd is 6,600 kg. The evaluation was performed on 545 daughters in terms of milk yield for the first 305 days and for the whole lactation, taking into account the duration of lactation as well as the variability of indicators. Comparison of evaluation results is determined by ranking the duration of lactation, milk yield for the first 305 days and the whole lactation. Of the 10 groups of bull daughters, the ranks were retained only on the daughters of two bulls (Torpan 2739 and Iman 314) who took first and tenth places. Of the 8 remaining bulls, the daughters of 5 stud bulls (Grillage 6977, Knor 45026 and Kulon 1237) increased their milk yield rank for the whole lactation by one, daughters of the Arzamas 6815 bull increased by two, daughters of the Gir 1883 bull increased by four exponent parts. The rankings for the daughters of the bulls Topaz 1239 decreased by one, the bulls Twist 76849 and Tibulus 3728 decreased by four exponent parts. With an average service period of 144.3 days in the entire sample, it ranged from 126.3 (daughters of the bull Topaz 1239) to 171.4 days (daughters of the bull Knor 45026), with a difference of 45.1, or two full ovary cycles. This indicates the influence of genotype on the productivity of animals under the same feeding and housing conditions. The full-lactation yield of all 10 evaluated individuals significantly (p ≥ 0.95) exceeds their performance in the first 305 days and significantly changes the evaluation rank, which should be taken into account when selecting bulls.

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