Distribution of helminths of the gastrointestinal tract of horses in Central Altai

The results of the studies (2021, 2022) on the spread of helminth infectious agents in horse breeding farms are presented. Parasitic worms of two classes Nematoda and Cestoda participate in the formation of the helminthic complex of Central Altai animals. Nematodes of two suborders Strongylata and Ascaridata (Parascaris equorum) were recorded. Two species Anoplocephalaperfoliata and Paranoplocephalamamillana were identified in cestodes represented by the tapeworms of suborder Anoplocephalata. In the province (87.8%) and in some administrative districts, infestation of whole-hoofed animals with gastrointestinal strongylates is much higher than infection with helminthes of suborder Ascaridata (14.1%) and cestodes of suborder Anoplocephalata (10.9%). Nematodes of suborder Strongylata play the main role in forming the nosological profile of intestinal helminth infections. Strongylates form the core of the helminthocomplex of the digestive system, and the infestation of whole-hoofed animals with them and their share in the structure of the helminthocomplex both in the province and in individual administrative districts is the highest. The values of IP (invasion prevalence) and PCI (parasite complex index) of strongyloides vary by administrative regions from 53,3 and 69,1% to 95,2 and 80,8%, respectively, and amount to 87,8 and 77,8% on average in the Central Altai. It was found that in most areas, the infestation of whole-hoofed animals with helminths of the digestive system in general and nematodes of suborder Strongylata differs insignificantly. Infestation of whole-hoofed animals by Parascaris equorum and cestodes of suborder Anoplocephalata is registered in the region at 14,1 and 10,9% with PCI 12,5 and 9,7 respectively, which is 6-8 times lower than analogous indices for strongylatosis of animals. Reliable direct correlation between the release of strongylate eggs into the external environment and the index of animal infestation was established. The number of propagative forms released into the environment increases with increasing values of animal infestation with strongylates.

1. Knyazev S.P., Timchenko A.M. Dynamics of the horse population and modern situation in Siberia. Vestnik Novosibirskogo gosudarstvennogo agrarnogo universiteta = Bulletin of the Novosibirsk State Agrarian University, 2016, no. 1 (38), pp. 139–146. (In Russian).

2. Kulikova O.L. The role and place of intestinal strongylatoses in the formation of the nosoprofile of invasive pathology in horses. Veterinarnaya patologiya = Veterinary pathology, 2007, no. 3, pp. 75–78. (In Russian).

3. Kuznecova O.L. Prevalence of horses’ intestinal nematodes. Mezhdunarodny vestnik veterinarii = International Bulletin of Veterinary Medicine, 2009, no. 3, pp. 25–28. (In Russian).

4. Novak M.D., Engashev S.V., Engasheva E.S. Strongylatosis of the gastrointestinal tract and strongyloidosis of horses in the central area of the Russian Federation. Teoriya i praktika bor'by s parazitarnymi boleznjami= Theory and practice of parasitic disease control, 2020, is. 21, pp. 301–306. (In Russian). DOI: 10.31016/978-5-9902341-5-4.2020.21.301-306.

5. Puzanova E.V. Forecast of Epizootic Situation for Main Helminthoses of Farm Livestock in the Russian Federation for 2020. Rossijskii parazitologicheskii zhurnal = Russian Journal of Parasitology, 2020, no. 2, pp. 53–61. (In Russian). DOI: 10.31016/1998-8435-2020-14-2-53-61.

6. Donato Traversa, Piermarino Milillo, Helen Barnes, Georg von Samson-Himmelstjerna, Sandra Schurmann, Janina Demeler, Domenico Otranto, Riccardo P. Lia, Stefania Perrucci, Antonio Frangipane di Regalbono, Paola Beraldo, Deborah Amodie, Karl Rohn, Rami Cobb, Albert Boeckh. Distribution and species-specific occurrence of cyathostomins (Nematoda, Strongylida) in naturally infected horses from Italy, United Kingdom and Germany. Veterinary Parasitology, 2010, vol. 168, pp. 84–92.

7. Stephanie Schneider, Kurt Pfister, Anne M Becher, Miriam C. Scheuerle. Strongyle infections and parasitic control strategies in German horses ― a risk assessment. BMC Veterinary Research, 2014, no. 10, URL: http://www. biomedcentral.com/1746-6148/10/262. DOI: 10.1186/S12917-014-0262-Z.

8. Matthews J., Hodgkinson J., Dowdall S., Proud-man C. Recent developments in research into the Cyathostominae and Anoplocephalaperfoliata. Veterinary research, 2004, vol. 35 (4), pp. 371–819.

9. Dashinimaev B.C., Bazaron B.Z., Potaev V.S. Economic damage caused by mixed invasions of gastrointestinal tract in young horses in Baikal region. Konevodstvo i konny sport = Konevodstvo I Konny Sport, 2015, no. 6, pp. 33–35. (In Russian).

10. Heidrun Gehlen , Nadine Wulke, Antonia Ertelt , Martin K. Nielsen, Simone Morelli, Donato Traversa, Roswitha Merle, Douglas Wilson, Georg von Samson-Himmelstjerna. Comparative Analysis of Intestinal Helminth Infections in Colic and Non-Colic Control Equine Patients. Animals (Basel), 2020, no. 10 (10). р. 1916. DOI: 10.3390/ani10101916-PubMed.

11. Proudman C.J., French N.P., Trees A.J. Tapeworm infection is a significant risk factor for spasmodic colic and ileal impaction colic in the horse. Equine Veterinary Journal, 1998, no. 30, pp. 194–199.

12. Kuz'mina Т.А. Strongylids (Nematoda: strongylidae) of domestic horses in Ukraine: modern state of fauna and structure of the parasite community, Parazitologiya =Parasitology, 2012, vol. 46, is. 2, pp. 127–138. (In Russian).

13. Dashinimaev B.C., Bojarova L.I. Species composition of horses’ digestive tract parasites in Zabaikalsky region. Veterinarija = Veterinary, 2017, no. 11, pp. 39–43. (In Russian).

14. Kokolova L.M., Gavril'eva L.Ju., Ivanova Z.K., Stepanova S.M. Spread of helminthosis in herd horses in Republic Sakha (Yakutia). Rossijskii parazitologicheskii zhurnal= Russian Journal of Parasitology, 2014, no.3, pp. 30–33. (In Russian).

15. Ponamarev N.M. Terms of development of larvae of strongylates of horses in the external environment in the conditions of Altai. Teoriya i praktika bor'by s parazitarnymi boleznjami =Theory and practice of parasitic disease control, 2005, is. 6, pp. 285–287. (In Russian).

16. Amirokov M.A., Zubareva I.M. Monitoring of the main endoparasitoses of farm animals in the Novosibirsk region. Innovacija i prodovol'stvennaja bezopasnost' = Innovations and Food Safety, 2017, no. 2 (16), pp. 14–20. (In Russian).

17. Kalugina E.G, Stolbova O.A. Parascaris equorum population in horses in different seasons of the year in the Tyumen region. Teoriya i praktika bor'by s parazitarnymi boleznjami = Theory and practice of parasitic disease control, 2020, is. 21, pp. 112–117. (In Russian). DOI: 10.31016/978-5-9902341-5-4.2020.21.112-117.

18. Migacheva L.D., Kotel'nikov G.A. Methodological recommendations for the use of a device for counting eggs of helminths. Byuleten Vsesojuznogo Instituta gel'mintologii = Bulletin of the All-Union Institute of Helminthology, 1987, is. 48, pp. 81–83. (In Russian)

19. Kapustin V.F. Atlas of the most common helminths of farm animals. Moscow, Selchosgis Publ., 1953, 140 p.

20. Marchenko V.A., Efremova E.A., Vasil'eva E.A. Structure of cattle helminthocenosis from Gorny Altai. Rossijskii parazitologicheskij zhurnal= Russian Journal of Parasitology, 2008, no. 3, pp. 18–23. (In Russian).

21. Ryu S.H., Bak U.B., Kim J.G., Yoon H.J., Seo H.S., Kim J.T., Park J.Y., Lee C.W. Cecal rupture by Anoplocephalaperfoliata infection in a thoroughbred horse in Seoul Race Park, South Korea. Journal of Veterinary Science, 2001, no. 2 (3), pp. 189–193.