Spring barley selection for adaptability in unstable conditions of Central Siberia

The results of barley evaluation by adaptability parameters and their ranking in the conditions of the forest-steppe of Central Siberia in 2016–2023 are presented. The objects of research were 11 re leased barley varieties of early and modern selection. The soil of the experimental field was ordinary minor chernozem. The forecrop was complete fallow. Humus content in the plough-layer averaged 5.9%, nitrate nitrogen was 9.2 mg/kg of soil, phosphorus was 21.1, 13.9 mg/kg. In terms of mois ture availability, the growing seasons of 2016, 2017, 2021 and 2022 were characterized by sufficient moisture (HTC 1.36–1.51), whereas 2018 and 2023 were dry with HTC of 0.73–0.82. The experiment was repeated four times, the method of comparison was paired. Sowing was carried out in the optimal dates for the crop – May 20–25 with a seeding rate of 5.5 million germinating grains/ha. According to the results of the conducted research the highest yield (37.5–39.9 c/ha) was shown along with the new varieties Abalak, Takmak, Oplot by the old variety Krasnoyarsky 80. The genotypes Krasnoyarsky 80, Oplot, and Emelya can be classified as intensive varieties (bi = 1.15–1.34), whereas Bakhus, Olenek, Abalak, and Takmak were characterized by broad ecological adaptation (bi = 0.96–1.05). The six-row variety Agul 2 of early selection responded less than others to variability of the growing conditions (bi = 0.47), which is associated with its early maturity. Varieties Krasnoyarsky 80, Abalak and Takmak positively combined high productivity (37.5–39.9 kg/ha) with increased stability (σd 2 = 1.3–4.3). The varieties Abalak, Takmak, Agul 2 had the highest selection value (Sc = 13.1-15.0) according to the complex of adaptive properties. Further breeding of spring barley for increased adaptability will be accompanied by an increase in yield stability of the created varieties.

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