Justification of the covering roller parameters of the cultivator-fertilizer for subsurface application of fertilizers

The article presents the results of research to substantiate the basic parameters of a rod covering roller for a cultivator for applying fertilizers for flat-cut processing. A calculation diagram of the process of interaction of the working body of the roller with the soil and equations for assessing the influence of the roller parameters on traction resistance are presented. It has been found that the vertical load on the rods located in the soil is distributed unevenly. The most loaded bar is the one located at the point of the instantaneous center of rotation. The traction resistance of the roller depends on its mass, diameter and the pitch of the rods around the perimeter. With an increase in the mass of the roller, its diameter and the pitch of the bars along the perimeter, the traction resistance increases. The results of experimental studies of a laboratory installation with the variants of a bar compacting roller are presented. The de pendences of the influence of roller parameters and speed on the quality of crumbling of the soil surface layer and stubble preservation are obtained. The parameters of the compacting roller are substantiated and the results of field tests of the mock-up samples of rollers with cultivators for the application of mineral fertilizers for flat-cut processing on a fallow and stubble field are presented. Based on the re search results, the diameter of the press roller is determined to be 490–500 mm, the diameter of the rod is 22–24 mm, the minimum pitch between the rods 140 mm, specific weight of the roller 260 kg/m, the amount of additional loading of the roller by suspension springs is 2.4–2.5 KN/m of the roller width. At an operating speed of the unit of 2.3–2.6 m/s, a roller with reasonable parameters ensures crum bling of the surface layer on the fallow field at the level of 62–70%, and on the stubble field, stubble preservation is 63–68%. Laboratory and field studies using a laboratory setup confirmed the theoretical dependences of the influence of the roller diameter, the pitch between the bars and the speed of move ment on the traction resistance of the bar press roller. According to the criterion of traction resistance, the diameter of the compacting roller is 490–500 mm, the diameter of the rod is 22–24 mm, and the minimum pitch between the rods is 140 mm, the specific load of the roller on the soil and the amount of additional loading of the roller by suspension springs is 2.4–2.5 kN/m of the roller width.

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