Yield of green mass and grain of early-maturing corn hybrids of domestic selection in conditions of southwest Central Russia

   Currently, corn hybrids with a high genetic yield potential and its stability under conditions of variable weather factors are of particular interest. Therefore, it is relevant to study the productive potential of domestic corn hybrids of early ripening (FAO 150–180). Within the framework of the conducted research in agroclimatic conditions of the Bryansk region on gray forest medium loamy soil the yield of green mass and grain of early maturing corn hybrids was evaluated.

   The object of research were the early-maturing hybrids Mashuk 168, Mashuk 170 MV, Mashuk 175 MV, Voronezhsky 160 SV, Pyatigorsky 146 MV, Baikal, Mashuk 171, Mashuk 185 MV.

   The field research was carried out according to the Methodology of the state variety testing of agricultural crops, statistical processing according to B.A. Dospekhov. In the course of field experiments it was found that in the conditions of southwest Central Russia on gray forest medium loamy soil the highest yield of green mass was provided by the hybrids Mashuk 185 MV and Baikal (53.48 and 64.76 t/ha, respectively). Having a low degree of stem foliage, the hybrids Voronezhsky 160 SV, Mashuk 175 MV, Mashuk 168, Pyatigorsky 146 MV had a yield of green mass from 25.18 to 32.78 t/ha. The hybrids Mashuk 171, Baikal and Mashuk 170 MV showed the highest biological grain yield of 9.18–10.98 t/ha. The yield of the remaining hybrids was at the level of 4.87–8.43 t/ha. The hybrids Mashuk 171 differed favorably in terms of the content of crude protein, starch in the grain and its yield. The content of crude protein in the grain of this hybrid was at the level of 75 g/kg of dry matter, starch in the grain – 357 g/kg of dry matter. The highest starch yield with a grain yield of 60.0 c/ha was provided by the hybrid Mashuk 171. The starch yield was 1.4–2.6 times lower in all other hybrids.

1. Orlyansky N.A., Orlyanskaya N.A., Chebotarev D.S. Evaluation of adaptability of early-maturing grain corn hybrids (FAO 140–170) in multi-environment trial. Vestnik agrarnoy nauki = Bulletin of Agrarian Science, 2022, no. 5 (98), pp. 119–126. (In Russian). DOI: 10.17238/issn2587-666X.2022.5.119.

2. Krivosheev G.Ya., Ignatiev A.S., Shevchenko N.A. Selection of early ripe corn hybrids of universal use. Agrarian Bulletin of the Urals, 2023, vol. 23, no. 10, pp. 49–57. DOI: 10.32417/1997-4868-2023-23-10-49-57.

3. Gorbacheva A.G., Vetoshkina I.A., Panfilov A.E. Viability of seeds and adaptability of early-ripening hybrids of corn in the conditions of the Southern Urals. Agrarian Bulletin of the Urals, 2023, vol. 23, no. 7, pp. 14–21. DOI: 10.32417/1997-4868-2023-236-07-14-21.

4. Fosu P. The yield and price effects of growing genetically modified corn: evidence from the US corn belt. International Journal of Biotechnology, 2022, vol. 1, no. 1, p. 1. DOI: 10.1504./IJBT.2022.10049247

5. Torikov V.E., Mel’nikova О.V., Lantsev V.V. The efficiency of cultivation of maize hybrids in the southwest of the Central region of Russia. Vestnik Kurskoj gosudarstvennoj sel'skohozyajstvennoj akademii = Bulletin of the Kursk State Agricultural Academy, 2018, no. 1, pp. 18–23. (In Russian).

6. Lantsev V.V. Evaluation of universal corn hybrids by grain yield and green mass in the agro-landscape conditions of the south-west of the Central region of Russia. Vestnik Kurskoj gosudarstvennoj sel'skohozyajstvennoj akademii = Bulletin of the Kursk State Agricultural Academy, 2021, no. 8, pp. 60–67. (In Russian).

7. D’yachenko E.N., Shevelev A.T. Effect of lime and mineral fertilizers on maize yield and nutrient content in grey forest soil. Dostizheniya nauki i tekhniki APK = Achievements of Science and Technology of AIC, 2019, vol. 33, no. 6, pp. 13–17. (In Russian). DOI: 10.24411/0235-2451-2019-10603.

8. Ryzhukhina M.A. The effect of fertilizers on the yield of early-maturing corn hybrids in the conditions of the Kaluga region. Vestnik Rossiyskogo gosudarstvennogo agrarnogo zaochnogo universiteta = Herald of the Russian State Agrarian Correspondence University, 2023, no. 44 (49), pp. 51–54. (In Russian).

9. Semina S.A., Kukharev O.N., Gavryushina I.V., Paliychuk A.S. Formation of corn yield and grain quality depending on cultivation techniques. Niva Povolzh’ya = Volga Region Farmland, 2023, no. 2 (66), pp. 15–16. (In Russian). DOI: 10.36461/NP.2023.66.2.010.

10. Malysheva E.V., Dolgopolova N.V. Influence of mineral fertilizers on yield and nutrient removal by corn grown in the conditions of the Central Chernozem zone. Vestnik Kurskoj gosudarstvennoj sel'skohozyajstvennoj akademii = Bulletin of the Kursk State Agricultural Academy, 2021, no. 3, pp. 45–49. (In Russian).

11. Malysheva E.V., Torikov V.E. Influence of main tillage techniques and mineral fertilization on yield and grain quality of corn hybrids. Vestnik Kurskoj gosudarstvennoj sel'skohozyajstvennoj akademii = Bulletin of the Kursk State Agricultural Academy, 2021, no. 8, pp. 41–47. (In Russian).

12. Usanova Z.I., Migulev P.I., Farinyuk Yu.T., Pavlov M.N., Smirnova T.I. Programming of corn yield in the technology of cultivation of organic, complex fertilizers and biological products. Tver, 2023, 132 p. (In Russian).

13. Volkov D.P., Zhuzhukin V.I., Zaytsev S.A., Gudova L.A., Nosko O.S. Variability of economically valuable parameters of early ripe corn hybrids (FAO 150–199) in the Lower Volga Region. Agrarniy nauchniy zhurnal = Agrarian Scientific Journal, 2020, no. 5, pp. 4–8. (In Russian). DOI: 10.28983/asj.y2020i5.

14. Sotchenko V.S., Gorbacheva A.G., Panfilovа A.E., Razakova N.I., Vetoshkina I.A. Reaction norm and stability of short-season maize hybrids as affected by environment. Kormoproizvodstvo = Kormoproizvodstvo, 2020, no. 4, pp. 39–43. (In Russian).

15. Prudnikov A.D., Solntseva O.I. Effect of herbicides on weed component in the cultivation of early maturing hybrids of maize in the conditions of the Smolensk region. Vestnik Ryazanskogo gosudarstvennogo agrotekhnologicheskogo universiteta im. P.A. Kostycheva = Herald of Ryazan State Agrotechnological University named after P.A. Kostychev, 2019, no. 2 (42), pp. 145–149. (In Russian).