Realization of productivity potential of Crambe Abyssinica at different nutritional levels

The results of the study of the influence of pre-sowing application of different doses of mineral fertilizers on the productivity of Crambe Abyssinica in the conditions of the forest-steppe of the Middle Volga region are presented. The research was conducted in 2021– 2023 in the Penza region. The growing season of crambe in 2021 was characterized by insufficient moisture (HTC 0.80). In 2022, the conditions were characterized by abundant moisture (HTC 1.29). The 2023 conditions were most favorable for crambe development (HTC 1.02). It is shown that improvement of nutrition level contributes to the increase of field germination by 2.8–9.2%, plant viability to harvesting by 1.4–7.1%. The maximum (91.6%) indicator of sprouting completeness was obtained with the combination of N30P30K30. The greatest increase in plant viability was observed in the variants with application of N30P30K30 (98.6%) and N30P60K60 (97.2%), which is 7.1 and 5.7% higher than the control, respectively. The number of fruits on one plant depending on the fertilizer doses varied from 852.6 to 995.4 with 819.4 in the control variant. The highest (5.05 g) seed weight per plant was observed on the background of N30P60K60. The variants using N30P30K30 and N30P60K30 produced the largest seeds with 1000 seed weight of 8.81 and 8.91 g. The smallest seeds were observed in the variants when N30P30K60 (7.73 g) and N60P30K60 (7.74 g) were applied. Pre-sowing fertilizer application increased the crop yield to 1.95–2.13 t/ha, the increment was 0.03–0.21 t/ha. Maximum yield was obtained in the variants with application of N30P60K30 and N30P30K30 – 2.13 and 2.10 t/ha, respectively. The highest oil content of the seeds was observed on the background with application of N30P60K60 (37.6%) and N30P30K30 (36.5%). In the variants with the application of N60 in various combinations oil content of the seeds decreased by 0.2–2.7% in relation to the background N30. Application of mineral fertilizers reduced the content of erucic acid to 60.3–60.9%. The exception was the variant N30P60K60, where the percentage of erucic acid was the maximum 62.5%.

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