Weeds in corn crops in the Belgorod region

The species composition of weeds in corn crops cultivated in different regions of the Russian Federation is not identical. This fact significantly increases the role of regional phytosanitary monitoring of crops, which leads to the development of a forecast for making decisions on the choice of specific agrotechnical and chemical measures to combat weeds. The species composition of weed plants in corn crops in the Belgorod region was identified and a multi-year forecast of their growth in these agrophytocenoses was developed. The data of phytosanitary monitoring of corn crops in the Belgorod region in 2020, 2021 were used as the material for the study. The possibility of creating a regional forecast is due to the scale of field research (40 fields were surveyed in different areas of the Belgorod region). The reliability of the results is determined by the use of the field examination method tested in long-term practice. The scientific justification of the stability of the growth of the identified species of weeds in the Belgorod region ensures the development of a regional forecast for a long-time perspective. Thirty-two species of weed plants were recorded, among which annual species predominate (65.63%). The phytosanitary role of each species was revealed by determining the activity of each in the cenoflor of agrophytocenoses. A group of highly active weed species include barnyard millet, lamb's-quarters, yellow foxtail, black nightshade, sow thistles, wild buckwheat, redroot. Rather active species include: corn bindweed, milk thistle, black bindweed. The group of little active includes 13 species: sagebrush, common cocklebur, rocket cress, hedge-nettle betony, tansy mustard, bird vetch, mallow, forking larkspur, sumpfweed, prickly lettuce, common arache, water pepper, wild chamomile. Nine inactive species were identified and occasionally recorded in corn crops. The distribution of species composition by groups of different activity status will be preserved in a long time period, provided that the state of hydrothermal conditions is unchanged, the structure of sown areas is preserved, and the peculiarities of regional technology of maize cultivation and the system of protective measures are observed.

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