Spread of mycoplasmosis in cattle on the territory of agricultural enterprises of the Vologda region

The study was conducted on the basis of the Vologda branch of the Federal Scientific Center "All-Russian Institute of Experimental Veterinary Medicine named after K.I. Skryabin and Ya.R. Kovalenko of the Russian Academy of Sciences" in 2022–2024. Agricultural enterprises of the Vologda re gion were surveyed in order to study the epizootic situation on bovine mycoplasmosis. Bacteriological and molecular genetic studies of blood, nasal, cervical, conjunctival and preputial mucus samples from calves, semen from bulls, milk from cows, as well as pathological and anatomical material were carried out. In molecular genetic testing (PCR method), the average detection rate of mycoplasmosis pathogen genomes for the partial three years (through May 2024) was 66.3% with year-to-year variation from 60.0 to 70.2%. The cumulative rate by year and biomaterial type ranged from 0 (semen, blood) to 100.0% (preputial mucus) with a high proportion of microorganisms detected in conjunctival, nasal mucus and pat material samples (77.8; 72.0 and 75.0%, respectively). 393 samples were analyzed by the bacteriological method. The number of positive samples was distributed as follows: 48.2% – conjunctival mucus, 46.8 – pathological material, 33.3 – preputial mucus, 26.2 – nasal mucus, 2.5% – cervical mucus. Out of 21 positive samples examined by PCR, growth of mycoplasma colonies on solid nutrient medium was detected only in 17 samples (81.0%), of which typical colonies in the form of "fried egg" were found in 10 samples (47.6%), atypical colonies were detected in 7 samples (33.3%). Mycoplasma bovis cultures were typical forms, Mycoplasma dispar cultures were atypical. In one of the surveyed farms, the M. dispar genome was detected in all the samples of pathological material; in another farm, DNA of M. bovis and M. dispar was identified in all the samples of nasal mucus.

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