Physiological and biochemical assessment of frost resistance of grapes in the Krasnodar Territory

The article presents the results of physiological and biochemical assessment of frost resistance of six grape varieties of different ecological and geographical origin in the conditions of the Krasnodar Territory: Dostoyny, Krasnostop AZOS, Vostorg (Russia), Crystal (Hungary), Aligote (France), Zarif (Tajikistan). Shoot water content was determined by the gravimetric method after drying the samples in a thermostat at 105 °C to constant weight. The content of carbohydrates (starch and soluble sugars) was determined by photocolorimetric anthrone method, the concentration of proline was determined by capillary electrophoresis. It was found that shoot water content and starch content decreased during the autumn-winter period and depended on the variety. The Crystal, Krasnostop AZOS, Vostorg varieties showed the greatest decrease in shoot tissue water content (by 13.54–15.11%) compared to the Aligote and Zarif varieties, for which this indicator decreased by 6.50 and 7.83%. All the studied varieties demonstrated a positive correlation between shoot hydration and starch content (r = 0,91). As a result of reserve starch hydrolysis, the sugar content increased by 1.90–1.98 times in Crystal, Krasnostop AZOS, Vostorg, compared to Aligote and Zarif, where it increased by 1.22 and 1.41 times. A negative correlation was observed between starch and soluble sugar content (r = –0,88). Increased concentration of proline by the beginning of the dormancy period was observed in the varieties Crystal, Krasnostop AZOS, Vostorg (20.01–25.34 µg/g crude weight), in Aligote and Zarif the value of this indicator amounted to 15.16–18.04 µg/g crude weight. Correlation dependencies between the studied physiological and biochemical parameters were revealed. A higher correlation was observed between water content and starch content (r = 0.91) than between water content and proline content (r = –0.47). The varieties Crystal, Krasnostop AZOS, Vostorg, distinguished by physiological and biochemical indicators as highly resistant to low negative temperatures, can be used in selection for developing frost-resistant varieties.

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