Evaluation of soybean collection samples on economic traits and leaf apparatus structure

Abstract

The results of the study of economic traits and morphological indices of the leaves of collection samples of soybean grown in the conditions of the Primorsky Territory are presented. The influence of leaf structural elements on the crop yield was established. The research was performed from 2021 to 2023 in the Soybean Breeding Laboratory. Stable high yield values were observed in the varieties of Russian origin – Primorskaya 4 (277.1 g/m2), Briz (286.4 g/m2), Primorskaya 13 (290.7 g/m2). 33.3% of soybean samples were characterized by large seeds (1000 seeds weight of more than 190 g). High content of protein in seeds (more than 40%) was formed in the samples Kyoto, Briz, Primorskaya 13; oil (more than 24%) – Primorskaya 4, ХN 4, Charm. The large size of the leaf lamina was distinguished in the varieties XN 4 (237.8 cm2) and Briz (180.7 cm2), while the small size was observed in NS Mina (101.3 cm2). Leaf area index (LAI) of the varieties ranged from 5.5 to 8.7 m2/m2, with high values observed in the accessions Kyoto, Charm, Briz, and XN 4. Maximum chlorophyll content in leaves was found in the varieties Hei-he 4 and Doch Vikinga. A strong correlation between productivity and leaf area index was found in 58.3% of soybean varieties. As the leaf lamina area increased, varieties decreased in productivity, the correlation ranged from –0.05 to –0.98. As the number of leaves on the plant increased, the productivity level of the varieties increased. With increasing chlorophyll content in soybean leaves, productivity decreased, except for two medium-early maturing varieties Kyoto and Hei-he 4.