Problems and ways of managing the efficiency of grain cultivation in Siberia

The food security of the Russian Federation is largely determined by the production of grain crops, and especially wheat. However, the shortage of financial and labor resources and the implementation of extensive technologies do not allow agricultural producers to realize the achievements of scientific and technological progress. New approaches to agriculture and its mechanical and technical support are needed, as well as the search for innovative solutions based on the principle of multidisciplina rity. However, the technical problem is caused by the incompleteness of the applied technical means and the lack of a control theory. The existing domestic technology is capable of implementing only traditional technologies without taking into account the statistical characteristics of soil properties. In this regard, the main objective of this study was to establish the relationship between the parameters of technological processes and technical equipment and the basic physical and mechanical properties and conditions of the soil for the implementation of resource-saving technologies that ensure the efficiency of grain crop cultivation. During the study, analysis of the mechanical and technological processes used in grain cultivation was conducted, the most significant factors and indicators affecting the efficiency of grain cultivation were identified, and ways and means of managing the efficiency of grain cultivation in Siberia were proposed. The reason for high energy consumption in technological processes was also established, and a competitive grain crop yield was justified. A rational structure of the recommended levels of technology intensity and innovative mechanical and technological solutions for soil cultivation processes were developed. The proposed ways to increase the efficiency of grain crop cultivation make it possible to tap into unused resources and become the basis for innovative mechanical and technological solutions within the framework of implementing resource-saving technologies in adaptive landscape farming in Siberia.

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