Inheritance of the main selection traits by reciprocal hybrids of spring barley in the conditions of the Krasnoyarsk forest-steppe

The results of the study of the inheritance of the main economically valuable traits of barley in the reciprocal crossing system and the assessment of the combination ability of seed parents in the conditions of the Krasnoyarsk forest-steppe in 2023–2024 are presented. The objects of research were 6 varieties of Siberian spring barley, 1 foreign variety and 12 F₁ hybrids created on their basis. The soil of the experimental field was thin common chernozem. The forecrop was complete fallow. The content of humus in the soil was 3,4–4,0%, nitrate nitrogen – 5,3–5,7 mg/kg of soil, phosphorus – 18,8–22,2 mg/100 g of soil, potassium – 13,7–15,0 mg/100 g of soil. In terms of heat and moisture supply, 2023 was characterized by dry conditions with the HTC of 0.86, while 2024 was excessively humidified with the HTC of 1.86. Sowing was carried out at the optimal time for the culture on May 25–27. The feeding area of the plant was 2×20 cm. The repetition was 3-fold. According to the results of the assessment, the varieties showed a reliably high total combination ability only by the number of grains per ear. This feature was inherited mainly by the type of positive overdomination – 50.0% of the combinations (H_p ˃ + 1.00). The varieties of spring barley Takmak, Olenek and Talan showed a high total combination ability by the ear grain content (g_i = 0,36–0,96) and a lower specific combination ability (σ 0,06–0,49) in all years of the study, which indicates the prospects for using these varieties in heterosis selection. Promising hybrid combinations with a complex of economically valuable traits have been identified: Buyan × Salome, Salome × Buyan, Olenek × Salome, Salome × Abalak, Takmak × Salome, Salome × Takmak.

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