Production of potato minitubers using a drip irrigation system

In June – September 2024, using a drip irrigation system in a controlled environment, a study was conducted on growing in vitro cultured micro plants of six released potato varieties of different maturity groups (Lyubava, Pamyati Anoshkina – early-maturing, Kemerovchanin, Nevsky, Tanai – middle-early, Tuleyevsky – medium-maturing) using the seedling method. The plants were placed in 7-liter vessels filled with peat substrate. The study was conducted for 112 days at a room temperature of 19–22 °C, relative air humidity of 70–85%, and a photoperiod duration of 16 hours. The interaction of hydrothermal conditions and illumination mode created in the laboratory made it possible to achieve 99% plant acclimatization and good morphometric parameters. Absolute and average values of quantitative yield and productivity of aboveground plant shoots and minitubers were obtained. It was found that the length of aboveground shoots in the studied potato varieties was developed to the greatest extent before flowering of plants (85–91%). The growth of aboveground shoots in length significantly decreased by the period of minitubers formation and was no more than 23%. The plants with aboveground shoots 109–133 mm long formed 148–205 g of green mass during the growing season. At the same time, the daily stem growth of the varieties was 0.5–1.4 cm. A maximum of 4–10 minitubers were obtained from one plant for each variety, on average – from 2 to 4 pcs. Of the total number of minitubers obtained (1113 pcs.), 84.4% were morphologically formed for further propagation. The average weight of tubers per plant was 56–146 g, the average weight of one tuber was 20–69 g. The highest average weight of one tuber was observed in the Nevsky (42 g) and Lyubava (69 g) varieties with the corresponding diameters of 49 and 61 mm. The use of drip irrigation and controlled lighting in growing minitubers of released potato varieties made it possible to ensure an output of up to 71.0–89.8% of the standard fraction (9–60 mm), which meets GOST 33996–2016.

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