Selection of effective strains of nodule bacteria Bradyrhizobium japonicum for soybean varieties of Siberian selection in the conditions of the Republic of Bashkortostan

Soy is a highly efficient and promising legume crop. In new cultivation areas, the soils do not contain nodule bacteria Bradyrhizobium japonicum (Kirchner) Jordan for soybeans, so the issue of se lecting the most effective strains is very relevant. The work investigated the effect of 10 strains of nodule bacteria on the morphological and physiological parameters, productivity of 2 soybean varieties SibNIIK 315 and Omskaya 4. The strains were identified that were effective for both cultivars (634b, 626a, 640b), while other strains reduced the productivity of both cultivars (10k, BD32 and 605d). Some strains (MID10 and 71t) were effective in symbiosis with the cultivar Omskaya 4, but they re duced the yield and protein production per hectare in the cultivar SibNIIK 315. Both participants are involved in the development of a successful symbiosis. Analysis of the soybean yield structure showed that productivity depends most on the number of beans and seeds on the plant, i.e. the characteristics that are formed very early in the branching phase, when generative buds are laid. At this time, the sym biotic apparatus has not yet fully formed, so an ineffective strain may be an additional burden on the plant, which consumes its energy resources and reduces its productivity.  Other elements of productivity like the mass of 1000 seeds and the protein content are formed at a later stage, during seed filling, and they are positively affected by inoculation with almost any strain. Among all the variants, strain 402 contributed to the greatest increase in protein content in the seeds of both varieties, and strain 605d contributed to the least. The Omskaya 4 variety responded better to inoculation: most strains contributed to an increase in the weight and number of seeds per plant, the number of seeds in the bean and the mass of 1000 seeds compared to the control and the variant with nitrogen at a dose of 60 kg/ha.

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