Analysis of the availability of grain harvesters in the agricultural organizations of the Omsk region

Abstract

To assess the qualitative and quantitative composition of the fleet of grain harvesters in the Omsk region, studies were conducted to determine the number of grain harvesters, their grade composition and energy characteristics. Analysis of these data allowed determining the provision of agricultural producers with combines, the age composition of the machine fleet, energy supply of the sown areas, and the factors affecting the rate of renewal of the machine fleet. It was established that the number of main agricultural machines, except for grain harvesters, decreased (+1.0%). The fleet is dominated by grain harvesters from the “Rostselmash” (42.9%) and “Yenisei” plants (26.8%). More than 60% of grain harvesters are older than 10 years. The crop area load per combine harvester in the Omsk region is 64% higher than the Russian average, and energy supply is the lowest in the Siberian Federal District. A decrease in the level of mechanization of agricultural production leads to a loss of at least 10–20% of agricultural crop yields. The increased load on combines in some farms exceeds the standard by 5–7 times. To increase the rate of renewal of the machinery fleet, it is necessary to implement systemic measures, including: developing a market for outsourcing services for the performance of technological operations, developing a market for the rental of agricultural machinery, and improving state support programs for rural producers. To upgrade the combine harvester fleet in the Omsk region and bring its utilization rate up to national standards, at least 1,500 additional machines are needed. The modernization program will cost approximately 30 billion rubles.