The method of early diagnostics of wheat varieties resistance to combined action of chloride salinity and B. sorokiniana infection

The article presents the results of developing a method for early diagnostics of wheat variety resistance to the combined effects of chloride salinity and infection with the causative agent of common root rot of cereals Bipolaris sorokiniana Shoem. (B. sorokiniana) based on the release of electrolytes  from the leaf tissue of seedlings. The studies were carried out in 2022 and 2023 on four varieties of soft spring wheat. The seedlings were grown from three-day-old germinated seeds infected with the pathogen in a sodium chloride solution (experiment) and in tap water (control) under given climatic conditions. The response of the varieties to stress was determined by the relative change in the specific electrical conductivity (SEC) of aqueous leaf extracts using an edge EC conductometric setup, HANNA Instruments (Germany). The conditions for preparing the samples that ensure maximum intervarietal differences were determined experimentally: the size of the leaf tissue cut is 1.5 mm, the ratio of leaf tissue to water is 1:40, the exposure time of the samples in distilled water is at least 1.5 hours. The conducted assessment of the resistance of wheat varieties showed a greater differentiating ability of the developed method and the greatest intervarietal differences compared to the morphophysiological method. The sample means for relative changes in the SEC of the aqueous extracts of leaf tissue of the varieties differed by 2.6–7.3 times, and the length and biomass of the shoots and roots in these varieties differed by 1.2–2.3 times. The Spearman rank correlation coefficient between the resistance indicators of varieties was r s = 0.88 at p ≤ 0.01. The results of diagnostics of the resistance of the studied wheat varieties according to growth processes and the SEC of aqueous leaf extracts coincided. Variety specificity was revealed: the Novosibirskaya 18 variety is less resistant, Omskaya 18, Sibirskaya 21 and Novosibirskaya 44 are more resistant to the studied combined stress. A conclusion was made about the possibility of using the developed method for the release of leaf electrolytes for early diagnostics (phenotyping) of wheat varieties for resistance to the combined action of B. sorokiniana and chloride salinity. 

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