The effect of phytobiotics on the immunological resistance of broiler chickens

The authors studied the effect of a phytobiotic based on a complex of essential oils on the cellular and humoral links of the immune system of broiler chickens against the background of vaccination against the Newcastle disease virus. The study was conducted on broiler chickens of the domestic cross "Smena 9" (experimental and control groups of 70 heads each) at a poultry enterprise in the Omsk region. Chickens of the experimental group with water additionally received a domestic phytopreparation "Phytogenics" consisting of a complex of essential oils of cinnamon, cloves, rosemary, thyme, Indian sesame and organic acids in a dose of 0.2 ml/l of water at the age of 1–7 days and 0.3 ml/l of water from day 8 to 38. At the age of 9 days, the poultry were vaccinated against the Newcastle disease virus. Blood samples were taken 6 and 18 days after the vaccination to study the indicators of cellular and humoral immunity. It was found that the phytobiotic had a greater effect on cellular immunity 6 days after the vaccination, which was expressed by an increase in the activity of cationic proteins 1.3 times, the level of spontaneous NST activity of neutrophils by 17.7%, the total number of lymphocytes 2.1 times, T lymphocytes 3.0 times, lymphocytes 1.8 times. The greatest impact on the humoral link of immunity was exerted 18 days after vaccination, which was accompanied by an increase in the bactericidal activity of blood serum by 23.4%, the average titer of post-vaccination antibodies (immunoglobulins G) – by 1.1 log2. Stimulation of natural resistance and adaptive immunity during vaccination against the background of the use of a complex of essential oils had a positive effect on the viability and productivity of poultry, contributed to an increase in the safety of broiler chickens by 4.3%, live weight by 3.4%. Taking into account the obtained results, the used herbal preparation can be recommended for increasing the immunological resistance, viability and productivity of broiler chickens.

1. Dubrovin A.V., Iyldyrym E.A., Il'ina L.A., Filip pova V.A., Ponomareva E.S., Kalitkina K.A., Laptev G.Yu. The immune status of industrial poultry in enterprises: review. Ptitsevodstvo = Poultry farming, 2022, no. 5, pp. 49–54. (In Russian). DOI: 10.33845/0033-3239-2022-715-49-54.

2. Gerunov T.V., Gerunova L.K., Fedorov Yu.N., Gerunov V.I., Chigrinskiy E.A. Stress and im munosuppression: possibilities of pharmacor rection. Vestnik Mariyskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta = Vestnik of the Mari State Univer sity, 2023. vol. 9, no. 3 (35), pp. 271–281. (In Russian). DOI: 10.30914/2411-9687-2023-9-3271-281.

3. Iyldyrym E.A., Laptev G.Yu., Tyurina D.G., Novikova N.I., Il'ina L.A., Filippova V.A., Du brovin A.V., Dubrovina A.S., Kalitkina K.A., Ponomareva E.S., Polishchuk A.A., Klyuch nikova I.A., Akhmatchin D.A. The right stress protection strategy. Ptitsevodstvo = Poultry far- ming, 2024, no. 2, pp. 13–17. (In Russian).

4. Kholodilina T.N., Shavrina I.V., Solov'ev M.V. Alimentary prevention of immunosuppression in poultry farming. Zhivotnovodstvo i kormoproiz vodstvo = Animal Husbandry and Fodder Pro duction, 2023. vol. 106, no. 3, pp. 148–169. (In Russian). DOI: 10.33284/2658-3135-106-3-148.

5. Fisinin V.I., Sayful'mulyukov E.R., Miftakhutdi nov A.V. Specialized pharmacological prepara tions and feed additives used in poultry farming to prevent technology stress: heat stress (review). Dostizheniya nauki i tekhniki APK = Achieve ments of Science and Technology of AIC, 2023, vol. 37, no. 4, pp. 31–47. (In Russian). DOI: 10.53859/02352451-2023-37-4-31.

6. Pronina V.I., Sazonova I.A., Erokhina A.V., Chemodankin S.N. The potential of phytobiotic plants for the development of Russian livestock and poultry farming (review). AgroEkoInfo = AgroEcoInfo, 2023, no. 1 (55), art. 23. (In Russian). DOI: 10.51419/202131109.

7. Neminushchaya L.A., Pavlenko I.V., Ka zaku A.A., Skotnikova T.A., Frolov Yu.D. Innovative synbiotics for farm animals and poul try. Veterinarniy vrach = Veterinarny Vrach, 2023, no. 1, pp. 42–50. (In Russian). DOI: 10.33632/1998-698X_2023_1_42.

8. Pskhatsieva Z.V., Aligazieva P.A., Musae va I.V., Kairov V.R., Bulatseva S.V. The effec tiveness of the use of sorbents and probiotics in poultry farming. Izvestiya Dagestanskogo GAU = Daghestan GAU Proceedings, 2024, no. 2 (22), pp. 183–188. (In Russian). DOI: 10.52671/26867591_2024_2_183.

9. Petrusha Yu.K., Lebedev S.V., Grechkina V.V. Phytobiotics in poultry feeding. Zhivotnovod- stvo i kormoproizvodstvo = Animal husband ry and feed production, 2022, vol. 105, no. 1, pp. 103–118. (In Russian). DOI: 10.33284/2658-3135-105-1-103.

10. Zalyubovskaya E.Yu., Mansurova M.S. The ef fectiveness of the use of phytogenic feed addi tives in poultry farming. Ptitsa i ptitseproduk ty = Poultry and Chicken Products, 2022, no. 3, pp. 44–46. (In Russian). DOI: 10.30975/2073-4999-2022-24-3-44-46.

11. Duskaev G.K., Klimova T.A. Phytochemicals in poultry nutrition: prospects for use (review). Zhivotnovodstvo i kormoproizvodstvo = Ani mal Husbandry and Fodder Production, 2022, vol. 105, no. 3, pp. 137–152. (In Russian). DOI: 10.33284/2658-3135-105-3-137.

12. Latypova E.N., Shatskikh E.V. The effectiveness of the use of phytobiotics in feeding laying hens. Ptitsa i ptitseprodukty = Poultry and Chicken Products, 2024, no. 3, pp. 45–49. (In Russian). DOI: 10.30975/2073-4999-2024-26-3-45-49.

13. Lysko S.B., Zadorozhnaya M.V., Suntsova O.A. Broiler stress resistance and immunity increa- sing with phytobiotic usage. Ptitsa i ptitseproduk ty = Poultry and Chicken Products, 2023, no. 2, pp. 48–50. (In Russian). DOI: 10.30975/2073-4999-2023-25-2-48-50.

14. Laptev G.Yu., Il'ina L.A., Iyldyrym E.A., Filip pova V.A., Dubrovin A.V., Novikova O.B., Kochish I.I. The phytobiotic Intebio® protects the immunity of poultry. Ptitsevodstvo = Poultry farming, 2019, no. 7-8, pp. 25–30. (In Russian). DOI: 10.33845/0033-3239-2019-68-78-25-30.

15. Kol'tsov K.S., Ostrenko K.S., Ovcharova A.N., Kut'in I.V. Effect of feed additives of the volatile oils from coriander and fennel fruits on the indi cators of immunological status and growth rate in calves. Problemy biologii produktivnykh zhivot nykh = Productive Animal Biology, 2024, no. 2, pp. 73–79. (In Russian). DOI: 10.25687/19966733.prodanimbiol.2024.2.73-79.