Mechanization tools for surface improvement of mountain forage lands

The article presents a small-sized combined unit equipped with tools and devices for restoring natural forage lands. Technology and design documentation have been developed, and a laboratory sample of the unit has been manufactured. Technical expertise and tests were carried out in the mountainous area of the Republic of North Ossetia – Alania at an altitude of 1,540 meters above sea level. The parameters of the test conditions and the functional parameters of the unit are determined: the tank volume, the tank capacity emptying coefficient, the actual dose of fertilizers, the required seeding rate, and the coefficient of seed compaction into the soil. The subject of the research was the technology and norms of seeding, design of the unit and the working bodies: pendulum seeding mechanisms, containers for liquid fertilizers. The main difference between the design of the block module is its small dimensions (a width of 2.4 m) and maneuverability in mountainous shallow-contoured areas. The laboratory sample of the unit complies with agrotechnical requirements and technical specifications. According to the calculations, the following were determined: the required tank volume Ec = 240 liters, tank emptying coefficient (Ko = 0.995), and it was found that it is necessary to do rolling of the seeds with double-row rollers, the weight of the sown seeds per one revolution of the roller is 2 g As a result, a combined small-sized unit has been manufactured that promotes the formation of a thicker herbage, prevents water and wind erosion of soils, reduces the degradation processes of sloping areas by improving the quality and quantity of perennial grasses in the form of high-quality feed and increases the productivity of agricultural landscapes and profitability of agricultural production by 15–20%.

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