Comprehensive assessment of wheat breeding material at the final stage of selection

The objectives of the study are to study competitive test samples for economically valuable traits, as well as to identify the most valuable genotypes for use in breeding and transfer to the state variety testing procedure. The experiments were carried out on a fallow predecessor in 2020–2022 in the forest-steppe zone on the fields of the Krasnoyarsk Research Institute of Agriculture. The objects of the study were 22 competitive test samples, represented by the varieties and selection samples of spring soft wheat of various maturity groups. The set also included the following standard varieties: Altayskaya 70 (middle-early), Altayskaya 75 (medium-maturing) and Svirel (middle-late). The growing season length, yield and the main elements of its structure, grain at the final stage of selection quality, resistance to diseases and lodging were studied. The influence of the growing season and structural elements on productivity and their interaction was revealed. The level of wheat productivity mainly depends on the conditions of the growing season. The contribution of the environmental factor was 79.2%, the variety 4.3%, the interaction of factors 9,0%. The average productivity of middle-early samples was 39 c/ha, medium-maturing and middle-late 42 c/ha. There were differences by year. The most significant contribution to the formation of productivity is made by the number of grains per ear. The contribution of the density of the productive stem stand and the weight of 1000 grains is less significant and varies greatly by years. The middle-early sample K-782-2 and medium-maturing K-665-14, K-790-2, K-734-8 were selected for further use in selection for productivity. The best indicators of grain quality were noted in the varieties Kanskaya, Krasnoyarskaya 12, Altayskaya 75 and the selection sample K-712-4. High resistance to loose smut was shown by K-696-7 and K-782-2, to brown rust K-693-2, K-729-9, K-733-3. K-696-7, Altayskaya 70 and Kuraginskaya 2 are more resistant to lodging. The selected samples are widely used in hybridization. The middle-early selection sample K-782-2 was transferred to the State Competitive Variety Trial under the name Beloyarskaya in 2023.

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