Productivity of single-species perennial grasses under the influence of different cover crops and sowing dates in the forest-steppe of the Ob region

The productivity of single-species perennial grasses under different cover crops has been studied in the conditions of the forest-steppe of the Ob region. Barley and a grain mixture of five components were used as cover crops: oats, barley, wheat, peas, vetch. The rate of sowing of barley is 180 kg/ha, grain mixtures – 250 kg/ha. Before sowing, the seeds were mixed in the following proportions: oats –100 kg, barley – 70, wheat – 50, peas – 15, vetch – 15 kg. After harvesting, the grain mixture, like barley, was used for harvesting grain silage. The density of the grain mixture stem, as well as plant height and productivity were higher compared to barley. Consequently, the grain mixture had a more depressing effect on perennial grasses in the next 2 years. Later on, the difference in yield between perennial grasses under different cover crops was almost leveled. The yield of perennial grasses under barley was generally higher than under the grain mixture. On average, according to experiment No. 1, alfalfa had the highest yield under barley (4.91 t/ha abs. dry matter), the smallest was shown by clover (2.66 t/ha). Under the grain mix, the yields of alfalfa and clover were 4.19 and 2.16 t/ha abs. dry matter, respectively. Thus, the cereal-bean grain mixture had a depressing effect on the growth and development of perennial grasses, but not decisive. The difference in yields of perennial grasses in subsequent years under different cover crops was insignificant. Therefore, sowing a grain mixture as a cover crop for perennial grasses is preferable, since its yield in the first year of sowing turned out to be significantly higher than the yield of barley. Based on the study of the influence of spring and summer sowing periods on the productivity of the cover crop (barley) and perennial grasses in subsequent years (experiment No. 2), it should be argued that the yield of the cover crop of the spring sowing period is higher compared to summer sowing. This is due to the shorter period of development of the cover crop before harvesting compared to sowing in spring. The average productivity of perennial grasses over the following years was slightly higher during the summer sowing period.

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