Sunflower hybrid yields depending on the cultivation technology and conditions in the south of Western Siberia

The article presents the results of research on testing three sunflower cultivation technologies (Express, Clearfield and classical), carried out in the fields of the OAO "Nadezhda" in the Bagansky district of the Novosibirsk region in 2021–2022. The indicators of biological characteristics and yield of three sunflower hybrids are given, taking into account the cultivation technology, forecrop and the pre-sowing background. It was found that the duration of the sunflower growing season varied signifi-cantly among different hybrids and depended on the weather conditions. The longest growing season was observed in the Sanmarin 444 hybrid, cultivated using the classical technology, which amounted to 180 ± 2 days in 2021 and 151 ± 2 days in the dry 2022. The shortest growing season (162 ± 2 and 140 ± 2 days, respectively) was noted in the Svetlana KLP hybrid, grown using the Clearfield technology. It was shown that in the conditions of the south of Western Siberia, the main limiting factor for obtaining high sunflower yields is the lack of precipitation. In 2021, characterized by more favorable conditions for sunflower growth (hydrothermal coefficient (HTC) = 0.8), the yield of hybrids ranged from 1.92 to 2.28 t/ha without significant differences depending on the technology and pre-sowing background. In the dry conditions of 2022 (HTC = 0.3), the sunflower yield was significantly lower and ranged from 0.42 to 1.3 t/ha for different hybrids in accordance with their cultivation technologies. The oil content of seeds of the studied sunflower hybrids was 50–53%. The highest efficiency of herbicide treatments was achieved on sunflower crops grown using the Clearfield technology. Seed treatment with fungicides prevented the development of crop diseases in the field, and the use of an insecticide during the mass reproduction of the meadow moth in 2021 led to a complete destruction of the pest on sunflower.

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