Research of polymorphism-793 C/T in the promoter of the TNF-alpha gene in cattle belonging to different breeds

Single nucleotide substitution at the position 793 in the promoter of the gene encoding tumor necrosis factor (TNF-á) in Simmental and Red Steppe cattle was studied. Blood samples of Red Steppe and Simmental cows raised in Altai Territory and Novosibirsk Region were used as the material of research. The gene codes a multifunctional cytokine, which is involved, along with the functions of immune response, in the morphogenesis and development of the fetus, plays an important role in the formation of the mammary gland, stimulates the formation of prostaglandins, and regulates appetite and lipid metabolism. It was previously established that TNF-á -824A/G gene polymorphism in cattle was associated with the protein expression level, milk producing ability, reproductive performance, characteristics of growth and development of dairy cattle. Analysis of the population structure of the -793 C/T polymorphic alleles in the promoter of the TNF-á gene showed genotypic differences in this locus. In Red Steppe breed the frequency of homozygous genotypes T/T and C/C were 38 and 11%, respectively, and the frequency of heterozygotes 51%. Therefore, the frequency of the T allele in the sample was 0.64, and the C allele 0.36. In Simmental population was observed a shift of the structure towards the increase of homozygotes T/T (74%) and the reduction of heterozygotes T/C (25%). Animals with C/C genotype have almost never occurred in Simmental that indicates a possible selection pressure. In this case, the frequencies of allele T (0.86) and C (0.14) are significantly different from the allele frequencies of Red Steppe breed (p <0.001). In both populations, the actual distribution of genotypes corresponded to the theoretically expected distribution of Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. This indicates a genetic balance in herds. In Red Steppe cows, milk yield and milk protein yield for third lactation were significantly (p < 0.05) higher in T/C heterozygotes compared to T/T homozygotes by 295 and 11.1 kg, respectively. No significant associations were found for reproduction, growth and development indices.

симментальская порода, красная степная порода, полиморфизм гена, фактор некроза опухоли альфа, биохимия крови, хозяйственно полезные признаки, Simmental, Red Steppe, polymorphism of the tumor necrosis factor-alpha gene, blood biochemistry, economic characters

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