Analysis of the influence of the genotype on the dairy productivity of Holstein cows in the conditions of the OOO APC "Mezheninovsky"

The article focuses on a topical issue – the study of the influence of genetic factors on the productive qualities of dairy cattle. During the research work at the "Mezheninovsky" Agricultural Production Cooperative, Tomsk Region, an evaluation of Holstein cows of the Vis Back Ideal and Reflection Sovereign lines was conducted to determine the influence of the animals' origin on their milk productivity. The main selection and genetic parameters were also calculated: the coefficients of variation, correlation, and regression of the studied traits. It has been found that cows of the Reflection Sovereign line are characterized by a higher level of milk productivity and, on average, surpass their peers in the herd: in milk yield for the entire lactation – by 1519.1 kg, milk fat content – by 151.9 kg, milk protein content – by 127.6 kg. When analyzing the heritability coefficient, the greatest influence on the live weight of the offspring was noted being at the level of 32%. The influence on the amount of milk protein is 28%, on milk yield – 14%, on milk fat content – 8%. It has been established that the genotype of the fathers and the conditions of keeping have a greater influence on the productive qualities of first-calf heifers. The calculated selection effect showed that with further use of cows of the Vis Back Ideal and Reflection Sovereign lines, it is possible to achieve an increase in the following indicators (in relation to the group of cows of the general herd): milk yield in 305 days for the first generation – by 223.9 kg, in one year – by 49.7 kg, milk fat content – by 4.5 and 1.1 kg, milk protein – by 17.4 and 3.7 kg, respectively. Therefore, to produce high-quality milk and increase its production under farm conditions, it is economically feasible to use cows of the Vis Back Ideal and Reflection Sovereign lines. The profitability of commercial milk production from these animals exceeds the herd average by 39.5%.

1. Bilkov V.A., Burgomistrova O.N. Productive and breeding qualities of Black-and-White cows of different lines. Molochnokhozyaistvennyi vestnik = Dairy Bulletin, 2022, no. 3, pp. 45–48. (In Russian).

2. Paderina R.V., Chuchalina N.N., Vinogradova N.D. Effects of genetic factors on productive longevity of cows. Izvestiya Sankt-Peterburgskogo gosudarstvennogo agrarnogo universiteta = Izvestiya St. Petersburg State Agrarian University, 2019, no. 3 (56), pp. 106–111. (In Russian).

3. Titova S.V. The influence of Holstein crossbreeding on the reproductive qualities of Black-and-White cows. Agrarnaya nauka Evro-Severo-Vostoka = Agricultural Science Euro-North-East, 2022, no. 23 (6), pp. 896–903. (In Russian).

4. Solovyova O.I., Krestyaninova E.I., Belyaev O.V., Bochaev D.F. Productivity and reproductive qualities of Holstein cows with different selection methods. Glavnyi zootekhnik = Head of Animal Breeding, 2021, no. 4, pp. 24–34. (In Russian).

5. Fedoseeva N.A., Usov V.P., Shepinev D.A. The influence of the calving season on the dairy productivity of Holstein cows. Izvestiya SanktPeterburgskogo gosudarstvennogo agrarnogo universiteta = Izvestia Saint Petersburg State Agrarian University, 2020, no. 1 (58), pp. 31–35. (In Russian).

6. Sudarev N.P. Milk yields and service period are interconnected. Zhivotnovodstvo Rossii = Animal Husbandry of Russia, 2018, no. 3, pp. 49–51. (In Russian).

7. Firsova E.V., Kartashova A.P. Main breeds of dairy cattle in the farms of the Russian Federation. Izvestiya Sankt-Peterburgskogo gosudarstvennogo agrarnogo universiteta = Izvestiya Saint Petersburg State Agrarian University, 2019, no. 2 (55), pp. 69–75. (In Russian).

8. Lepekhina T.V., Bakai A.V., Bakai F.R. Highly productive breeding herd of Holstein breed. Vestnik Kurskoi gosudarstvennoi sel'skokhozyaistvennoi akademii = Bulletin of the Kursk State Agricultural Academy, 2020, no. 4, pp. 54–58. (In Russian).

9. Panfilova G.I., Zasemchuk I.V., Tretyakova O.L. Some selection and genetic parameters and the relationship of performance traits of purebred and crossbred first-calf cows. Izvestiya Orenburgskogo gosudarstvennogo agrarnogo universiteta = Izvestia Orenburg State Agrarian University, 2021, no. 1 (87), pp. 284–287. (In Russian).

10. Lepekhina T.V., Bakai A.V., Bakai F.R. Variability and repeatability of signs of milk productivity in cows of Black-and-White breed. Zootekhniya = Zootekhniya, 2018, no. 12, pp. 10–11. (In Russian).