Influence of fertilizer mixtures on biometrics of spring wheat and efficiency of its cultivation

Abstract

There was studied the use efficiency of eight fertilizer mixtures, applied as mineral fertilizers, with different ratios of nutrients. Studies were conducted in Tyumen Region on dark gray forest soils, when wheat was cultivated in the forth rotation cycle of the bare fallow/winter rye/wheat/wheat/barley rotation. The fertilizer mixture rate was 250 kg/ in physical weight. The study has revealed that for this type of soil with the deficit of available nitrogen and phosphorus in the arable layer, it is efficient to use the following fertilizer mixtures, prepared at the factory: 200 kg/ha of N₂₉P₁₀; N₂₃P₂₀; N₁₆P₁₆K₁₆ + 50 kg/ha of N₃₄, supplemented with N₁₇P₂₀S₁₂. The application of these fertilizer mixtures was found to contribute to increased accumulation of dry matter by the wheat plants at the initial growth stage by 23-50%, at the full maturity stage by 39-123%, as compared with the control (without fertilizers) and other variants; as well as it intensified the development of the wheat leaf apparatus. The average daily leaf area for the growing season surpassed the control by 72-132%. The application of these fertilizer mixtures provided obtaining the highest yields of wheat grain of 2.76-3.38 t/ha that was 0.91-1.53 t/ha, or 49-83%, higher than those against the background without fertilizers. The net income made up 12.04-18.91 ths rubles per ha that was 31-106% higher than in the control, with the payback of 1kg a.i./ha by the increase in wheat grain yields of 7.5-15.8 kg.