Influence of cultivation technology on affection of new spring wheat varieties with diseases

Results are given from a two-year study on the phytosanitary situation in the sowings of new spring common wheat varieties (Novosibirskaya 18, Obskaya 2, Sibirskaya 17) cultivated according to the extensive, normal, or intensive technologies. A multiple-factor field experiment was carried out in 2015-2016 in the field located in the central forest-steppe agrolandscape zone near the Ob in Novosibirsk Region. There is shown a role of varietal features, nitrogen application and fall tillage in the development of leaf-stem and root rot diseases in the sowings of wheat being a second rotating crop after fallow, after grain forecrop. It was found that the plants of Novosibirskaya 18 mid-ripening cultivar of spring wheat in the phases of tillering and milky-wax ripeness were lesser affected with root rots than other crops, where the disease development index was 1.8 and 8.2 percent, respectively, compared to 2.6 and 10.7 percent in Obskaya 2 mid-ripening cultivar, and 3.0 and 12.9 percent in Sibirskaya 17 medium-late cultivar. Depending on basic tillage techniques, the disease development index in the first stage of observations decreased slightly from plowing (2.8%) to deep surface loosening (2.4%) and next to subsoil tillage (2.3%). In the second stage of observations, a reduction in the disease development was observed from plowing and subsoil tillage to deep surface loosening. Nitrogen fertilizer application had no significant effect on this index. The Sibirskaya 17 cultivar was found to be most susceptible to root rot pathogens, especially under the intensive cultivation technology. Of leaf-stem diseases, Septoria leaf spot and powdery mildew achieved the average development in the wheat crops toward the earing-flowering phase in the period of study. The maximum lesions of Septoria disease were observed in Sibirskaya 17 (the disease development index was 10.1 percent), and minimal in Novosibirskaya 17 and Obskaya 2 (8.7 and 5.2 percent, respectively). The maximal disease severity was observed at deep subsurface loosening, and it was 1.3 and 1.6 times higher as compared to plowing and subsoil tillage, respectively. Fertilizers did not have a significant effect on the affection of wheat plants with Septoria leaf spot, although there was a tendency towards a decrease in the disease development index, especially against a background of subsoil tillage. The Obskaya 2 wheat plants grown according to the intensive technology were least affected with Septoria leaf spot. Powdery mildew was most observed in the Novosibirskaya 18 plants. The Obskaya 2 plants almost were not affected with powdery mildew. On average as per the experiment, the lowest degree of disease development was recorded in plants grown while deep loosening.

яровая пшеница, корневые гнили, листостебельные болезни, пораженность растений, технология возделывания, сорт, обработка почвы, удобрения, spring wheat, root rots, leaf-stem diseases, affection of plants, cultivation technology, tillage, fertilizers

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