Biological evaluation of soils in crop rotations in the subtropical zone of Azerbaijan

Biological activity of soils in the subtropical zone of Azerbaijan was studied. Experiments were carried out in 1992-2015. Activities of soil enzymes, numbers of microorganisms, intensities of nitrification, ammonification, carbon dioxide emissions and cellulose degradation were studied in crop rotations under vegetable crops and at continuous crop growing. Experiments were conducted on irrigated gray-brown and meadow-gray (dry subtropics), meadow-forest alluvial (semi-arid subtropics), yellow-gleyed (humid subtropics), and virgin soils. The biodiagnostics and a complex of biological parameters of the soils studied are presented. The integral indicator of the biological state of each soil type is given. This indicator of the irrigated gray-brown soils in a vegetable/fodder crop rotation was 18% higher than that in virgin variants, and 34% higher than that at continuous crop growing; in a vegetable/legume crop rotation, it was 12 and 30% higher, respectively. On irrigated meadow-gray soils, this indicator made up 100 percent in a crop rotation; it was 15% lower in virgin variants and 35% lower under continuous crop growing. On meadow-forest alluvial soils, the integral indicator made up 100 percent in virgin variants, was 2% lower in a crop rotation and 40% lower at continuous crop growing; on yellow-gleyed soils it was 100, 8 and 30%, respectively. The integral indicator of the biological state of the soils studied varied from 82 to 100 percent that corresponded to soils with the very high biological activity. At continuous crop growing, this indicator was within the range of 60-70% that corresponded to soils with the high and medium biological activity. The use of scientifically grounded crop rotations under conditions of irrigation allows conserving fertility of meadow-forest alluvial and yellow-gleyed soils and improving that of gray-brown and meadow-gray soils.

почвы субтропической зоны, севооборот, бессменные культуры, биологическая активность почвы, биологическая оценка почвы, soils in the subtropical zone, crop rotation, continuous crops, biological activity of soil, biological evaluation of soil

1. Гамзиков Г.П., Лапухин Т.П., Уланов А.К. Эффективность систем удобрений в полевых севооборотах на каштановых почвах Забайкалья // Агрохимия. - 2005. - № 9. - C. 24-30.

2. Babayev M.P., Orucova N.H. Assessment of the Biological Activity of Soils in the Subtropical Zone of Azerbaijan // Eurasian Soil Science. - 2009. - Vol. 42, N 10. - P. 1163-1169.

3. Orucova N.H., Babayev M.P. Biomorfogenetic Diagnostics of the Soils Suitable for Vegetable in the Azerbaijan Subtropic Zone. - New York, 2014. - 285 p.

4. Макаров Б.Н. Методы изучения газового режима почв. Методы стационарного изучения почв. - М.: Наука, 1977. - 197 с.

5. Востров И.С., Петрова А.Н. Определение биологической активности почвы различными методами // Микробиология. - 1961. - Т. 30, № 4. - С. 665-672.

6. Хазиев Ф.Х. Методы почвенной энзимологии. - М.: Наука, 2005. - 252 с.

7. Болотина Н.И., Абрамова Е.Н. О методике определения нитрификационной способности почв // Агрохимия. - 1968. - № 4. - С. 16-26.

8. Теппер Е.З., Шильникова В.К., Переверзева Г.Н. Практикум по микробиологии. - М.: Колос, 1972. - 200 с.

9. Иванова Е.А., Кутовая О.В., Тхакахова А.К., Чернов Т.И., Першина Е.В. Структура микробного сообщества агрегатов чернозема типичного в условиях контрастных вариантов сельскохозяйственного использования // Почвоведение. - 2015. - № 11. - С. 1367-1382.

10. Иващенко К.В., Ананьева Н.Д., Васенев В.И., Кудеяров В.Н., Валентини Р. Биомасса и дыхательная активность почвенных экосистемах Московской области // Почвоведение. - 2014. - № 9. - С. 1077-1088.

11. Казеев К.Ш., Колесников С.И., Вальков В.Ф. Биология почв России. - Ростов н/Д.: ЦВВР, 2004. - 350 с.

12. Даденко Е.В., Прудникова М.А., Казеев К.Ш. Применение показателей ферментативной активности при оценке состояния почв под сельскохозяйственными угодьями // Изв. Самарского науч. центра РАН. - 2013. - Т. 15, № 3 (4). - С. 1274-1277.