IMPROVEMENT OF MOISTURE AVAILABILITY OF AGROCENOSES AND PRODUCTIVITY OF CROPS IN THE AREAS OF PAVLODAR REGION NEAR THE IRTYSH
Abstract
Results are given from long-term studies on impacts of techniques for accumulating, conserving and using available moisture reserves on productivity of cereal, grain-legume groats and oil crops grown on chernozems of southern calcareous, dark chestnut and chestnut-like meadow soils in the agricultural areas of Pavlodar Region near the Irtysh. It has been found that an important means for solving problems in optimizing moisture availability of soils is to use a snow retention technology, developed at the Pavlodar Research Institute of Agriculture, by leaving stubble combed with a special comb-type stripper in the fields after harvesting. The technology makes it possible to increase moisture reserves in southern chernozems before sowing spring crops by 25.8–26.3 mm on average, and does not practically yield to bare coulisse-strip fallows, but with higher efficiency of soil fertility conservation and wind protection. The use of zero and intensive technologies for preparing predecessors (leaving high stubble, sowing coulisses, broadcasting chopped straw, and etc.) contributes to improving moisture reserves in dark chestnut, light-loam soils before sowing agricultural crops by 30.5–33.0 and 15.6–27.1 mm, in chestnut-like meadow soils by 17.8–20.2 mm and 11.5–19.2 mm, respectively, as compared to conventional technologies, that results in increasing productivity of cereal crops by 0.12–0.33 t/ha. The improvements in moisture availability of southern calcareous chernozems in the variants with annual stubble combing contribute to additional accumulation of winter precipitation, increase in productivity of wheat and fodder-grain crops by 0.05–0.22 t/ha as compared to productivity of these crops cultivated as a second crop after fallow but without stubble combing.
About the Authors
B. R. Irmulatov
Pavlodar Research Institute of Agriculture
Kazakhstan
Kazakhstan
Candidate of Science in Agriculture, Director General,
60 Let Oktyabrya St, Krasnoarmeika, Pavlodar Region, 140909
A. N. Vlasenko
Siberian Research Institute of Soil Management and Chemicalization of Agriculture, SFSCA RAS
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
Member of RAS, Research Chairman,
Krasnoobsk, Novosibirsk Region, 630501
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Review
For citations:
Irmulatov B.R., Vlasenko A.N. IMPROVEMENT OF MOISTURE AVAILABILITY OF AGROCENOSES AND PRODUCTIVITY OF CROPS IN THE AREAS OF PAVLODAR REGION NEAR THE IRTYSH. Siberian Herald of Agricultural Science. 2017;47(2):5-12. (In Russ.)
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