BREEDING OF PERENNIAL GRASSES IN THE TAIGA ZONE OF WESTERN SIBERIA
Abstract
Results are given from 40-year studies carried out by the Narym Department of Breeding and Seed Production, Siberian Research Institute of Agriculture and Peat, Branch of SFSCA RAS. Resulting from the studies, nine varieties of five perennial grass species differing in productivity and qualitative indices of feed mass and seeds were developed. The climate in the zone under study is sharply continental, with long severe winter and short lukewarm summer. Soils of experimental plots are sod-podzolic, sandy-loamy, with humus content in the plowing horizon of not more than 2%. Due to selection from wild populations, new varieties of Phleum pretense L. (Utro) and Beckmannia eruciformis (L.) Host (Narymskaya 2) were developed. Both of them are winter-hardy, and have a high level of plasticity. The yield of dry matter is up to 6.6–7.4 t/ha, that of seeds up to 0.43–0.70 t/ha. Using mass selection followed by intraspecific hybridization of the best wild populations from Kolpashevskiy District of Tomsk Region, as well as qualitatively different and ecologically remote varieties from different regions of the Russian Federation, new varieties of Festuca pratensis Huds. (Mechta), Dactylis glomerata L. (Narymskaya 3 and Bylina), and Phalaris arundinacea L. (Vityaz and Bogatyr) were bred. The effectiveness of the complex-hybrid population method was demonstrated for Festuca pratensis Huds. and Beckmannia eruciformis (L.) Host. As a result, high-yielding varieties of Festuca pratensis Huds. (Vera) and Beckmannia eruciformis (L.) Host. (Rusalochka) were produced. Both of them are resistant to biotic and abiotic stresses. The average yields of dry matter and seeds in Vera cultivar of Festuca pratensis Huds. were 5.5 t/ha and 0.26 t/ha, respectively, the maximum yields were 7.5 t/ha and 0.38 t/ha, respectively. The yields of dry matter and seeds in Rusalochka cultivar of Beckmannia eruciformis (L.) Host. were 5.4 t/ha and 0.29 t/ha, respectively.
About the Authors
L. D. Urazova
Siberian Research Institute of Agriculture and Peat – Branch of SFSCA RAS
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
Candidate of Science in Agriculture, Senior Researcher,
20, Nauki St, Kolpashevo, Tomsk Region, 636464
O. V. Litvinchuk
Siberian Research Institute of Agriculture and Peat – Branch of SFSCA RAS
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
Candidate of Science in Agriculture, Senior Researcher,
20, Nauki St, Kolpashevo, Tomsk Region, 636464
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Review
For citations:
Urazova L.D., Litvinchuk O.V. BREEDING OF PERENNIAL GRASSES IN THE TAIGA ZONE OF WESTERN SIBERIA. Siberian Herald of Agricultural Science. 2017;47(2):51-58. (In Russ.)
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