WATER REGIME OF SEASONALLY FROZEN PEAT SOILS IN NORTHERN TRANS-URAL REGION
Abstract
Results are given from long-term (2011–2015) investigations on water regime of seasonally frozen peat soils in Northern Trans-Ural region. It was shown that the fluctuation in the groundwater level in the Tarmanskoe swamp before draining was characterized by a sharp rise during snow melting in spring, followed by the summer minimum, autumn increase and winter minimum. The intensity of groundwater recession depends on precipitation (r = 0.83) and evaporation. Changes in the groundwater level in winter are strongly influenced by the process of topsoil freezing and thaws. After draining of the swamp, the groundwater level at the atmospheric-alluvial type of water nutrition during the vegetation period is mostly determined by the amount of precipitation (r = 0.76). The deepest occurrence of groundwater on average of 1.97 m during the vegetation period was in 2012, when 56.7 percent of long-term averaged precipitation norm fell. There is no rise in the groundwater level during the fall period on a site drained by tile drains with the spacing of 24 m and depth of 1.5 m. The minimum level of 2.5 m and lower is reached by the beginning of snow melting from the end of March to the first ten-day period of April. The spring rise makes up 1–1.5 m, and depends on the pre-winter humidity (r = 0.65), the height of snow cover, and the intensity of solid sediments melting. The moisture content of the root layer (0.3 m) of medium-deep peat soil with 1.3–1.9 m of the groundwater level under perennial grasses is in the range of 0.5–0.6 HB. When the first cut of perennial grasses is formed, the soil moisture content is optimum (0.6–0.85 HB); in dry years moisture deficit is observed that fails to obtain a full-valued second cut. At the boundary of the thawed and frozen layers, soil moisture is always at the upper limit of the optimum (0.85–0.95 HB). A decrease in soil moisture in summer is temporary. During the winter period, moisture reserves in the topsoil of 0.5 m are replenished by 20 percent due to the underlying horizons. The replenishment of soil with moisture when groundwater is deep mostly occurs during snow melting.
About the Author
A. S. Motorin
Research Institute of Agriculture for Northern Trans-Ural
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
Doctor of Science in Agriculture, Head Researcher,
2, Burlaki St, Moscowskiy, Tyumen Region, 625501
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Review
For citations:
Motorin A.S. WATER REGIME OF SEASONALLY FROZEN PEAT SOILS IN NORTHERN TRANS-URAL REGION. Siberian Herald of Agricultural Science. 2017;47(3):5-13. (In Russ.)
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