COMPARATIVE EVALUATION OF POLYMORPHISMS IN THE CSN3, PRL, BLG AND TNF-α GENES AND BLOOD GROUPS IN SIMMENTAL COWS

A research was carried out into polymorphisms in the CSN3, PRL, BLG and TNF-alpha genes and immunogenetic characteristic of Simmentals from two herds in Novosibirsk Region and Altai Territory. The genotypes of the genes studied were identified by the PCR method, the genotype frequencies in different herds were determined, and population-genetic parameters were calculated. The research has shown that the herd from the highlands was characterized by higher frequency of the k-casein AA genotype by 0.179 and by lower frequency of the AB genotype by 0.142 as compared to animals from the steppe zone. The PRL gene was more than 0.7 represented by the homozygous genotype AA. No significant distinctions in the frequencies of the BLG and TNF-alpha genotypes were found in Simmentals from the herds compared. A comparative analysis of gene homozygosis in the herds has shown that its highest values of 72.1–76.3% were observed for the PRL gene in both herds. As to the other genes, a ratio of homo- and heterozygous genotypes was at the same level, except for the CSN3 gene, where the difference was 25.4%. The gene balance in the herds was not disturbed. The analysis of the allele frequencies of the genes studied has shown that the frequency of the CSN3 gene A allele was higher, and the frequency of the B allele was lower by 0.109, in Simmentals from the highlands as compared to those from the steppe zone. The selective-genetic parameters (Ca, SH, Naj, V) calculated on the basis of the data obtained were at the same level in both herds. The antigenic similarity and difference between the herds of purebred Simmentals and their hybrids with Holsteins were determined by immunogenetic analysis. The genetic similarity index (r) between the herds has been calculated using the blood group frequencies, and turned out to be 0.755–0.866 that corresponds to its value of 0.918 determined by the genotype frequencies of the CSN3, PRL, BLG and TNF-alpha genes.

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