FEATURES OF PHYTOSANITARY SITUATION IN CROPS OF RED CLOVER IN THE FOREST-STEPPE OF WESTERN SIBERIA

The results of long-term observations of disease development in crops of different varieties of red clover in forest-steppe of Western Siberia are presented. The research was conducted in 2003-2017 in the experimental fi elds of Novosibirsk region and in the laboratory. To study the phytosanitary situation, the methods for determining the prevalence and development of diseases in the fi eld by means of using standard scales were applied. During the years of research, the weather varied to a large extent and covered the entire range of climatic conditions typical of the forest-steppe zone of Western Siberia. It was found that red clover was affected by a wide range of diseases of different etiology, among which the prevailing ones were yellow mosaic virus, Cercospora, Stemphylium, Anthracnose, Fusarium root rot, dwarfi sm, and powdery mildew. In dry conditions the most severe diseases were Fusarium root rot and mosaic virus, which is confi rmed by the close positive strong correlation coeffi cient (r = 0.76 and r = 0.73 respectively). In years with suffi cient and excessive moisture, red clover was affected by the whole range of fungal spots: Cercospora, Stemphylium, Anthracnose, etc. It was also shown that the intensity and range of diseases depend on the age of the plant. In the fi rst year of use, prevailing diseases were Fusarium wilt, powdery mildew, rust, and brown spots, in the second year – yellow mosaic virus, Cercospora, Stemphylium, Anthracnose, Fusarium root rot and dwarfi sm. The study of seasonal dynamics of disease development of red clover varieties with different resistance made it possible to fi nd out that the development and prevalence of diseases depended both on weather conditions and on varietal characteristics of the crop. Cultivar Meteor, which is more hardy and quickly-ripening, was more effective in impeding the spread of diseases compared to the more susceptible late-maturing cultivar of SibNiik 10.

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