BERRY MATURITY ASSESSMENT METHOD WITHOUT ITS DAMAGE

Commercial production of horticultural produce requires instrumental control means of physical properties of plants and technological methods. One of the most important parameters of high quality harvest of fruit and berries is their maturity. The main maturity assessment methods existing in Russia and other countries are analyzed.  It is established that the method of impedance spectroscopy is preferable in the use of portable means for berry maturity determination in the fi eld conditions. Research on maturity of blackcurrant berry Altai late and sea buckthorn Altai was conducted. The sample number of the chosen varieties of berries was 1000 pieces for each variety. They were harvested in accordance with their ripening stage. To determine the maturity of berries the dispersion coeffi cient of berry tissue polarization was taken as an informative parameter, which is the relation of modules of electric impedances measured at two frequencies. The assessment method of berry maturity degree consisting of construction and analysis of coeffi cient distribution hodograph was proposed. Distribution was carried out on a uniform range of harmonic frequencies of 100 to 106 Hz. The results of the research showed that maturity assessment is possible after 1-2 weeks from the beginning of berry ripening. The insignifi cant difference in dynamic changes of dispersion coeffi cient of berry tissue polarization is explained by specifi c content and disintegration of sugars and acids in sea buckthorn and currant. The assessment method of berry maturity allows to create portable devices that would reduce their losses during mechanical harvesting and storage.

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