FEATURES OF WHEAT AND RAPE RESIDUE MINERALIZATION IN SOIL AFTER HARVESTING

We studied wheat and rape residue mineralization and its impact on nitrogen content in soil to adjust fertilizer application in crop rotation. Comparative evaluation was carried out by measuring carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions from soil by the absorption method under laboratory conditions. The soil was southern chernozem of heavy loamy granulometric composition. A laboratory experiment was laid three times in seven replications during two months. Results indicated that more than 50% of carbon dioxide was released from plant residues when decomposed for the fi rst 20 days of the experiment. The CO2 production in wheat and rape residue treatments was observed to be three times more intensive than that in the treatment without plant residues. No difference was found in CO2 emission between wheat straw and rape treatments for 60 days of the experiment. Rape residues were observed to decompose more intensively for the fi rst 20 days of the experiment in comparison with wheat straw. Addition of mineral nitrogen in a dose of 50 mg/kg to soil increased wheat straw mineralization by 11 percent during the fi rst 20 days, and contributed to intensifying CO2 emission. Incubating soil without residues increased the nitrate-N content 3 times for 20 days of the experiment, 5 times for 40 days, and 7 times for 60 days as compared to the initial amount. Incorporation of wheat and rape residues to soil resulted in nitrogen immobilization. The nitrate-N content in the soil with wheat and rape residues reached a level of the treatment without plant residues after 2 months’ incubation.

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