Change of fertility indicators of dark-grey forest soil with different systems of basic tillage

The effect of the long-term use of soil tillage systems on the elements of potential fertility and agrochemical properties of dark-grey forest soil was determined. The research was conducted in the Northern Trans-Urals in a stationary experiment in the grain-fallow crop rotation: bare fallow - winter rye - spring wheat - grain legumes - spring barley, developed in time and space. Upon completion of the 5th rotation (2008-2012), the effect of moldboard, non-moldboard, combined, differential, subsoil and surface tillage systems on soil fertility was studied. It was established that various systems of the basic tillage carried out during five rotations of the grain-fallow crop rotation did not have a significant effect on the soil acidity. Non-moldboard and differential soil tillage, as well as plowing had an equal effect on the content of the total absorbed bases. Annual minor tillage, like sub-soil and disk harrowing led to the decrease in the content of the total absorbed bases by 13-29% in the layer of 2040 cm. The use of non-moldboard tillage caused the decrease in the content of gross nitrogen and gross phosphorus; nitrogen - by 0.70 t/ha in the topsoil, and by 1.33 t/ha or by 10-24% in the soil layer of 2040 cm; phosphorus - by 0.30 t/ha and by 0.27 t/ha or 18-23%, respectively, compared to moldboard tillage. Combined tillage with alternating plowing and non-moldboard soil loosening to a depth of 20-22 cm contributed to the increase in the gross nitrogen content by 1.05 t/ha in the 0-20 cm layer, and by 0.41 t/ha or by 8-45% in the soil layer of 20-40 cm, and led to the increase in the content of mobile phosphorus by 0.23 t / ha or by 14% in the topsoil, compared to the moldboard tillage system. All tillage systems had almost equal effect on the content of gross nitrogen in the soil. Tillage systems with the elements of minimization contributed to a slight increase in the total phosphorus content by 6-14% in the soil layer of 0-20 cm. Resource-saving tillage systems did not affect adversely the content of gross potassium forms in the soil layer of 0-40 cm.

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