Economic and biological evaluation of the garden strawberry (Fragaria ananassa) varieties in the forest-steppe of Novosibirsk region

The study of economic and biological parameters of garden strawberries (Fragaria ananassa) was conducted in Novosibirsk region from 2016 to 2018. According to phenological signs 77 strawberry varieties can be combined into 3 groups: early-season and mid-season that bear fruit once per season, and ever-bearing varieties. Differences between strawberry varieties in phenological phases were established. The difference in the flowering phase in early and mid-season varieties is 13-15 days. The total flowering duration in all groups is 12-20 days. Early-season varieties produce fruit in the second ten-day period of June, mid-season varieties - in the third ten-day period of June, and day-neutral varieties - in the first ten-day period of July. The duration of the fruit-bearing period in early varieties is 13 days, and in ever-bearing varieties -102-106 days. The most winter-hardy varieties in the period of 2016-2018 were Festivalnaya, Feya, Ruslan, Solnechnaya Polyanka and Pervoklassnitsa. Unrecognized varieties Balerina, Neznakomka, as well as the ever-bearing variety Ostara had a degree of subfreezing of 0 points. During the years of study, the berries were not affected by pests on the experimental plot. However, high temperatures and humidity contributed to the development of leaf spot and grey mold of strawberries. The early-season varieties Alexandrina, Festivalnaya and Pervoklassnitsa can be considered resistant to leaf spot. The varieties of Dutch selection Vima Rima, Kimberley, Vima Xima, Honeoye, as well as unrecognized varieties Venera and Estafeta are strongly affected by leaf spot. A high degree of grey mold lesion was observed in the unrecognized variety Trufel (37.8%) and in recognized varieties Anastasia, Orlets and Feya. The optimum number of peduncles for a biennial bush is 10-12. Three years of study showed that on average the number of peduncles for a group of early varieties was 7-8, mid-season varieties - 3-8, and the ever-bearing varieties - 10-23. Consequently, in the varieties of the early and mid-season groups, the number of peduncles was optimum. A higher number of peduncles in the ever-bearing group resulted in a higher number of small fruit. A group of promising varieties for industrial and private production in terms of yield was identified. The evaluation of the studied collection indicated that only a part of those varieties can produce a high yield of more than 15 t/ha. These are Pervoklassnitsa and Alexandrina from the early-season group. The average yield of 10-14 t/ha can be achieved by Tanyusha and Troitskaya from the early-season group and Zenga Zengana from the mid-season group. Sarah, the variety from the mid-season group, showed a low yield - less than 4 t/ha. Early-season varieties were the most productive among all tested groups. Recognized variety Pervoklassnitsa showed a high yield of 19.6 t/ha on average during 3 years of study.

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