Estimation of permeability to bacteriophages of intestinal mucosa of chickens with eimeriosis

In the course of the study permeability of intestinal mucosa of chickens suffering from eimeriosis while treating them with various veterinary drugs, including probiotics, was evaluated. The simulation of a typical clinical picture of eimeriosis was carried out by oral administration of suspension with coccidial oocysts (1.6 × 105/head) using a probe. To create different forms and different intensity of inflammatory processes, chickens that received various anticoccidial preparations and probiotic strain Bacillus subtilis were infected with eimeria. According to the data from an autopsy, it was found that the use of a spore probiotic based on Bacillus subtilis and anticoccidial drugs containing robenidine hydrochloride and salinomycin had a positive protective effect when treating chickens from eimeriosis. A similar picture was observed when assessing permeability of intestinal mucosa as affected by bacteriophage, whereby permeability decreased with the use of probiotics and the above-mentioned active agents. In general, the decrease in productivity was significant in all groups. However, the effect of spore-based probiotics was quite pronounced against the background of eimeria polyresistance. In the situation where anticoccidial drugs are less effective, the use of a spore-based probiotic can have a noticeable protective effect. The effect of all anticoccidial drugs under study on the concentration of oocysts and the state of the mucosa was insignificant, which indicated polyresistance of different types of eimeria isolated from biological material to these drugs. The analysis of the intestinal mucosa integrity, based on the study of mucosa permeability to bacteriophages and a Johnson and Reid scoring procedure showed that a spore probiotic based on B. subtilis and anticoccidial drugs containing robenidine and salinomycin had the best protective effect against eimeriosis caused by field isolates of eimeria. When treating chickens suffering from eimeriosis caused by polyresistant forms of E. acervulina and E. tenella, it is advisable to use probiotics alongside with drugs based on robenidine and salinomycin.

1. Dagaeva A.B., Abdulmogomedov S.Sh., Bakrieva R.M., Gadzhimuradova Z.T. Eimeriozy ptits i mery bor’by s nimi v Respublike Dagestan [Eimeriosis of poultry and measures to combat it in the Republic of Dagestan] Veterinariya i kormlenie [Jurnal Veterinaria I Kormlenie], 2016, no. 6, pp. 41. (In Russian).

2. Kononenko S.I. Povyshenie biologicheskogo potentsiala ptitsy za schet ispol’zovaniya probiotikov [Increasing of biological potential of poultry due to the use of probiotics]. Politematicheskii setevoi elektronnyi nauchnyi zhurnal Kubanskogo gosudarstvennogo agrarnogo universiteta [Polythematic online scientific Journal of Kuban State Agrarian University], 2017, no. 127 (03), pp. 1–19. DOI: 10.21515/1990-4665-127-036. (In Russian).

3. Andreeva I.V. Potentsial’nye vozmozhnosti primeneniya probiotikov v klinicheskoi praktike [Potential for the use of probiotics in clinical medicine]. Klinicheskaya mikrobiologiya i antimikrobnaya khimioterapiya [Clinical microbiology and antimicrobial chemotherapy], 2006, vol. 8, no. 2, pp. 153. (In Russian).

4. Kanner E.V., Maksimov M.L., Gorelova E.A., Petrov V.A. Sovremennye podkhody k korrektsii mikrobioma kishechnika u detei pri provedenii antibakterial’noi terapii [Modern approaches to correction of intestinal microbiome in children during antibacterial therapy]. Meditsinskii sovet [Medical Council], 2016, no. 1, pp. 102–106. (In Russian).

5. Chernevskaya E.A., Beloborodova N.V. Mikrobiota kishechnika pri kriticheskikh sostoyaniyakh (obzor) [Intestinal microbiota in critical conditions (review)]. Obshchaya reanimatologiya [General Reanimatology], 2018, vol. 14, no. 5, pp. 96–119. DOI: 10.15360/18139779-2018-5-96-1. (In Russian).

6. Shenderov B.A., Tkachenko E.I., Lazebnik L.B., Ardatskaya M.D., Sinitsa A.V., Zakharchenko M.M. Metabiotiki – novaya tekhnologiya profilaktiki i lecheniya zabolevanii, svyazannykh s mikroekologicheskimi narusheniyami v organizme cheloveka [Metabiotics are a novel technology of prevention and treatment of diseases associated with microecological imbalance of human body]. Eksperimental’naya i klinicheskaya gastroenterologiya [Experimental and Clinical Gastroenterology Journal], 2018, no. 3 (151), pp. 83–92. (In Russian).

7. Yakovenko E.P., Agafonova N.A., Yakovenko A.V., Ivanov A.N., Soluyanova I.P. Antibiotiki, prebiotiki, probiotiki, metabiotiki pri izbytochnom bakterial’nom roste v tonkoi kishke [Antibiotics, prebiotics, probiotics, metabiotics in the therapy of bacterial overgrowth in the small intestine]. Trudnyi patsient [Difficult patient], 2018, vol. 16, no. 4, pp. 16–22. (In Russian).

8. Ivanova D.A., Kalinina I.V., Mikhailova A.P. Otsenka antistressovogo effekta funktsional’nykh produktov pitaniya, obogashchennykh veshchestvami s antioksidantnym i mikrobioticheskim deistviem. Soobshchenie 1 [Assessment of stress-protective effect of functional food products enriched with substances with antioxidant and microbiotic effect. Part 1]. Vestnik Yuzhno-Ural’skogo Gosudarstvennogo Universiteta [Bulletin of the South Ural State University], 2018, vol. 11, no. 4, pp. 48–60. DOI: 10.14529/psy180406. (In Russian).

9. Afonyushkin V.N., Filipenko M.L., Kozlova Yu.N. NANOaibolity. Bakteriofagi kak al’ternativa antibiotikam v veterinarii [NANO “Doctors”. Bacteriophages as an alternative to antibiotics in veterinary medicine]. Nauka iz pervykh ruk [Science First Hand], 2016, no. 4 (70), pp. 82–87. (In Russian).

10. Sadrtdinova G.R., Vasil’ev D.A., Zolotukhin S.N. Vydelenie bakteriofagov Klebsiella oxytoca pod deistviem rentgenovskogo oblucheniya [The isolation of bacteriophages of Klebsiella oxytoca under the action of x-irradiation]. Vestnik Ul’yanovskoi gosudarstvennoi sel’skokhozyaistvennoi akademii [Vestnik of Ulyanovsk State Agricultural Academy], 2016, no. 1 (33), pp. 76–80. (In Russian).

11. Podoprigora G.I., Kafarskaya L.I., Bainov N.A., Shkoporov A.N. Bakterial’naya translokatsiya iz kishechnika: mikrobiologicheskie, immunologicheskie i patofiziologicheskie aspekty [Bacterial translocation from intestine: microbiological, immunological and pathophysiological aspects]. Vestnik Rossiiskoi akademii meditsinskikh nauk [Bulletin of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences], 2015, no. 70 (6), pp. 640–650. DOI: 10.15690/vramn564. (In Russian).

12. Feoktistova N.V., Mardanova A.M., Khadieva G.F., Sharipova M.R. Probiotiki na osnove bakterii roda Bacillus v ptitsevodstve [Probiotics based on bacteria of the genus Bacillus in poultry]. Uchenye zapiski Kazanskogo universiteta. Seriya «Estestvennye nauki» [Scientific notes of Kazan University. Series “Natural Sciences”], 2017, vol. 159, kn. 1, pp. 85–107. (In Russian).

13. Zhuchaev K.V., Borisenko E.A., Efanova N.V. Fiziologicheskii effekt probiotika «Zoovestina» v eksperimentakh na neproduktivnykh zhivotnykh [Physiological effect of probiotic Zoovestin in experiments conducted on pets]. Vestnik Novosibirskogo gosudarstvennogo agrarnogo universiteta [Bulletin of Novosibirsk State Agrarian University], 2015, no. 2 (35), pp. 107. (In Russian).

14. Savust’yanenko A.V. Mekhanizmy deistviya probiotikov na osnove Bacillus subtilis [Mechanisms of probiotic action based on Bacillus Subtilis]. Aktual’naya infektologiya [Current Infectology], 2016, no. 2 (11), pp. 35–43. (In Russian).

15. Danilevskaya N.V., Subbotin V.V., Douadi Ya. Vliyanie razlichnykh doz probiotika na osnove lakto-i bifidoflory na dinamiku sokhrannosti i zhivoi massy broilerov v usloviyakh Alzhira [Effect of different doses of probiotic based on lactoand bifidobacterium flora on the dynamics of live weight and survival rate of broilers grown in Algeria]. Rossiiskii veterinarnyi zhurnal [Russian veterinary journal], 2013, no. 3, pp. 28–30. (In Russian).