Coronaviruses in ruminants
https://doi.org/10.26898/0370-8799-2020-3-5
Abstract
A review of the literature on the role of cattle coronaviruses in the etiology of various forms of infection in domestic and wild ruminants with constant or temporary contact with chiroptera and humans is presented. Coronaviruses (CoVs) are a large group of enveloped RNA viruses with a genome size of 26.4–31.7 kb. CoVs belong to the subfamily Coronavirinae of the family Coronaviridae of the order Nidovirales and are classified into four genera. They cause three syndromes in cattle: diarrhea of newborn calves, winter dysentery of adult animals, respiratory distress in dairy and meat calves against decline in colostral immunity and pneumonia in calves on feedlots. Bovine-like coronaviruses belong to the species Betacoronavirus 1. They arise as a result of genetic recombination and interspecific transmission, and are variants of cattle coronaviruses that are able to cross interspecific barriers and infect a wide range of domestic and wild ruminants: sheep, goats, water buffalo, camels, deer, giraffes and others, causing damage to the gastrointestinal and respiratory tracts, as well as neurological and liver disorders. The transmission of the virus from cattle to other ruminant species, and vice versa, contributes to the survival and preservation of the virus in nature, leads to new outbreaks of infection and keeps up the evolution of the virus. The constant migration of wild ruminants, caused in particular by human intervention in nature, contributes to the introduction and spread of the virus in new regions, its adaptation to other hosts and formation of new strains. The zoonotic potential of cattle coronaviruses has been studied quite well. The zooanthroponic potential of ruminant coronaviruses remains understudied. Given the high adaptive abilities of the latter, they require closer attention and careful analysis.
About the Authors
A. G. Glotov
Siberian Federal Scientific Centre of AgroBioTechnologies of the Russian Academy of Sciences
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
Doctor of Science in Veterinary Medicine, Head Researcher
PO Box 463, SFSCA RAS, Krasnoobsk, Novosibirsk Region, 630501
T. I. Glotova
Siberian Federal Scientific Centre of AgroBioTechnologies of the Russian Academy of Sciences
Russian Federation
Doctor of Science in Biology, Head Researcher
Russian Federation
Doctor of Science in Biology, Head Researcher
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For citations:
Glotov A.G., Glotova T.I. Coronaviruses in ruminants. Siberian Herald of Agricultural Science. 2020;50(3):49-61. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.26898/0370-8799-2020-3-5
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