Problems of adaptation of imported specialized breeds of cattle
https://doi.org/10.26898/0370-8799-2020-3-10
Abstract
The experience of importing Simmental breed from Austria of beef cattle Hereford breed from Novosibirsk region, red steppe breed from the Altay Territory to the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) is analyzed. Acclimatization of imported livestock to the conditions of the Far North is hard. Of 471 heads of cattle of Austrian Simmental breed imported in 2007, 171 are currently left. The average milk production of cows per head is 2485 litres, the average figure for the Republic is 2364 litres. Of 200 heads of Herefords brought in 20112012, only 32 have remained. A brief description of the milk productivity of the red steppe breed in Yakutia is presented. Milk yield per cow amounted to 2630 litres in six lactations, which is 166 litres higher than the national average. Due to non-compliance with the requirements of the technology of keeping and feeding imported animals, 116 out of 200 imported cows have remained. The hematological parameters of cattle reflecting the state of the body's immune system during acclimatization are given. Adaptation of red steppe cows was difficult, but the hematological parameters corresponded to the physiological norm. Possible ways of developing livestock breeding programme in Yakutia to create a simmentalized Yakut zonal type of cattle, which is distinguished by exceptional adaptive abilities for keeping and feeding conditions, are proposed. Thanks to crossbreeding with Yakut cattle, the acclimatization and further breeding of imported specialized breeds and their crosses is successful. The ways of improving the technology of keeping and feeding cattle on the farms of the Republic are shown.
About the Authors
R. V. Ivanov
M.G. Safronov Yakut Scientific Research Institute of Agriculture – Branch of the Federal Research Centre “The Yakut Scientific Centre of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences”
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
Doctor of Science in Agriculture, Laboratory Head
23/1, BestuzhevMarlinsky St., Yakutsk, Republic of Sakha (Yakutia), 677000
L. N. Zakharova
Yakut State Agricultural Academy
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
Candidate of Science in Agriculture, Associate Professor
Yakutsk, Republic of Sakha (Yakutia)
References
1. Amerkhanov Kh.A., Gorlov I.F., Dunin I.M. Novye otechestvennye porody – zalog nadezhnogo obespecheniya naseleniya Rossii produktami pitaniya zhivotnogo proiskhozhdeniya [New domestic breeds are a guarantee of reliable provision of the population of Russia with food products of animal origin]. Agrarno-pishchevye innovatsii [Agrarian-and-Food Innovations], 2019, no. 1 (5), pp. 8–13. (In Russian).
2. Vystavnoi A.I., Kushnir A.V. Bioraznoobrazie adaptivnoi reaktsii telyat cherno-pestroi porody na rannei stadii ontogeneza pri nizkikh temperaturakh sredy [Adaptive reaction biodiversity in black-and-white calves at early stage of ontogenesis under low environmental temperatures]. Sibirskii vestnik sel'skokhozyaistvennoi nauki [Siberian Herald of Agricultural Science], 2008, no. 9 (189), pp. 35–39. (In Russian).
3. Chugunov A.V., Zakharova L.N. Zavoznoi molochnyi skot v Respublike Sakha (Yakutiya) [Imported dairy cattle in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia)]. Akademicheskii vestnik Yakutskoi gosudarstvennoi sel'skokhozyaistvennoi akademii [Academic Bulletin of Yakut State Agricultural Academy], 2020, no. 3 (8), pp. 5–9. (In Russian).
4. Yurin D.A., Yurina N.A., Esaulenko N.N. Effektivnye podkhody k kormleniyu vysokoproduktivnykh korov [Effective approaches to feeding highly productive cows]. Effektivnoe zhivotnovodstvo [Effective Livestock Breeding], 2017, no. 1 (131), pp. 16–18. (In Russian).
5. Chugunov A.V., Zakharova L.N., Osogostok G.A. Adaptatsiya skota krasnoi stepnoi porody v usloviyakh Yakutii [Adaptation of cattle of red steppe breed under the conditions of Yakutia]. Glavnyi zootekhnik [Chief Zootechnician], 2018, no. 12, pp. 11–21. (In Russian).
6. Chugunov A.V., Zakharova L.N. Gematologicheskie pokazateli telyat i korov krasnoi stepnoi porody v Yakutii [Hematological parameters of calves and cows of red steppe breed in Yakutia]. Glavnyi zootekhnik [Chief Zootechnician], 2019, no. 3, pp. 12–19. (In Russian).
7. Koryakina L.P., Grigor'eva N.N., Pavlova A.I., Borisov N.I. Fiziologo-biokhimicheskie pokazateli krovi pri adaptatsii krupnogo rogatogo skota kalmytskoi i krasnoi stepnoi porod v usloviyakh Yakutii [Physiological and biochemical blood values during adaptation of cattle of the Kalmyk and red steppe breeds under the conditions of Yakutia]. Dostizheniya nauki i tekhniki APK [Achievements of Science and Technology of AIC], 2016, vol. 30, no. 12, pp. 90–93. (In Russian).
8. Adzhibekov K.K., Adzhibekov V.K. Otsenka korov krasno-pestroi porody po dolgoletiyu v otelakh v raznykh kategoriyakh plemennykh khozyaistv [In calving in different categories of breeding farms]. Zootekhniya [Zootechniya], 2018, no. 2, pp. 22–23. (In Russian).
9. Tatarenko I.Yu., Shishkin V.V. Vliyanie akklimatizatsii na molochnuyu produktivnost' korov v proizvodstvennykh usloviyakh Amurskoi oblasti [Influence of acclimatization on milk productivity of cows under production conditions of the Amur Region]. Zootekhniya [Zootechniya], 2019, no. 11, pp. 6–8. (In Russian).
10. Korovushkin A.A., Chirikhina V.A. Prichiny vybrakovki iz stada korov dzherseiskoi porody razlichnogo proiskhozhdeniya [Reasons for culling Jersey cows of different origin]. Vestnik Michurinskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta [Vestnik of Michurinsk State Agrarian University], 2017, no. 2, pp. 35–40.(In Russian).
11. Gukezhev V.M., Gabaev M.S., Gubzhokov M.A., Zhashuev Zh.K. Metodologicheskie podkhody k formirovaniyu plemennogo yadra stada [Methodological approaches to the formation of the herd core]. Zootekhniya [Zootechniya], 2019, no. 10, pp. 2–6. (In Russian).
12. Chugunov A.V., Zakharova L.N. Puti sovershenstvovaniya molochnogo skota v Yakutii [Ways to improve dairy cattle in Yakutia]. Zootekhniya [Zootechniya], 2015, no. 11, pp. 3–4. (In Russian). (In Russian).
13. Chugunov A.V., Zakharova L.N. Zadachi porodoobrazovaniya v zhivotnovodstve Yakutii [The tasks of breed formation in the animal husbandry of Yakutia]. Zootekhniya [Zootechniya], 2015. no. 3. S. 3–5. (In Russian).
14. Stolpovskii Yu.A., Zakharov-Gezekhus I.A. Problema sokhraneniya genofondov domestitsirovannykh zhivotnykh [The problem of conservation of gene pool of domesticated animals]. Vavilovskii zhurnal genetiki i selektsiiv [Vavilov Journal of Genetics and Breeding], 2017, no. 4, pp. 477–486. (In Russian).
15. Paronyan I.A. Vozmozhnosti sokhraneniya i sovershenstvovaniya genofonda porod krupnogo rogatogo skota otechestvennoi selektsii [Possibilities of preservation and improvement of the gene pool of cattle of domestic breeding]. Dostizheniya nauki i tekhniki APK [Achievements of Science and Technology of AIC], 2018, no. 5, pp. 63–66. (In Russian).
Review
For citations:
Ivanov R.V., Zakharova L.N. Problems of adaptation of imported specialized breeds of cattle. Siberian Herald of Agricultural Science. 2020;50(3):94-102. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.26898/0370-8799-2020-3-10
Views:
421
Email this article 