The role of biological means in organic agriculture
https://doi.org/10.26898/0370-8799-2020-3-11
Abstract
The paper shows the relevance of following the principles of an organic farming system to obtain environmentally friendly products and environmental protection. One of the important elements of organic farming is scientifically substantiated crop rotation, which ensures soil fertility. Based on the data of long-term research in the Republic of Kazakhstan, it is established that field crops, due to their biological characteristics and depending on the technological methods applied, leave different amounts of root and crop residues in the soil. According to the degree of soil enrichment with organic matter, the crops are arranged in the following sequence (in decreasing ability to structure formation): perennial legumes, winter grains, corn for grain, annual legumes, spring grains and sugar beets. The most favorable effect on light chestnut soils under irrigation conditions in the South-East of Kazakhstan is exerted by alfalfa, which accumulates up to 17 t/ha of root residues in the arable layer of soil containing more than 300 kg/ha of nitrogen, 80 kg/ha of phosphorus and 120 kg/ha of potassium. When straw 2 t/ha + manure 20 t/ha and mineral fertilizers N20P60K60 were applied jointly on irrigated light chestnut soils in the South-East of Kazakhstan, the humus content increased by 0.30-0.39% compared to the control (without fertilizers). An increase in the amount of humus (0.61–0.70%) was observed when using straw 2 t/ha + fertilizers N20P30K30 with green manure plowed in. In the dark chestnut soils of Western Kazakhstan, the application of 80 t/ha of manure per one rotation of a five-course grainfallow crop rotation increased the humus content by 0.23%, or 5.3 t/ha, compared to the control. The use of organic farming elements ensures a deficitfree balance of humus in the system of soil organic fertilizers – plant.
About the Author
S. B. Kenenbaev
Kazakh National Agrarian University
Kazakhstan
Kazakhstan
Doctor of Science in Agriculture, Professor, Academician of the National Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Kazakhstan
8, Abay Avenue, Almaty, 050010
References
1. Kudryakov V.G., Mironchuk V.A., Esayan S.A. Gosudarstvennoe regulirovanie organicheskogo zemledeliya: osnovy i osobennosti evropeiskogo i amerikanskogo zakonodatel'stva [State regulation of organic farming: basis and features of European and the U.S. legislation]. Nauchnyi zhurnal Kubanskogo GAU [Scientific Journal of Kuban State Agrarian University], 2015, no. 105 (01), pp. 1–18. (In Russian).
2. Chursin A. I., Nezvanova K. V. Metody bor'by s degradatsiei pochv v RF [Degradation of agricultural land in the Russian Federation and methods of its elimination]. Mezhdunarodnyi zhurnal prikladnykh i fundamental'nykh issledovanii [International Journal of Applied and Basic Research], 2016, no. 6 (part 1), pp. 88–91. (In Russian).
3. Yakovleva A. Mirovoi rynok mineral'nykh udobrenii [The global market for mineral fertilizers]. AgroSnabForum [Agrosnabforum], 2017, no. 3, pp. 54–57. (In Russian). DOI: 00486585703c691e79c12.
4. Yakimenko V.N., Konarbaeva G.A. Ekologoagrokhimicheskaya otsenka transformatsii pochvennogo fonda galogenov v agrotsenoze [Ecological and agrochemical evaluation of the transformation of soil cover of halogens in agrocenosis]. Sibirskii ekologicheskii zhurnal [Contemporary Problems of Ecology], 2012, no. 6, pp. 865–873. (In Russian).
5. Golov V.I., Burdukovskii M.L., Timoshinov R.V., Popova Yu.A., Maksimov M.V. Agrogennoe i tekhnogennoe zagryaznie pochv Dal'nego Vostoka ftorom. Real'nye i mnimye problem [Agrogenic and technogenic contamination of soil by fluorine in the Russian Far East. Real and perceived problems]. Vestnik DVO RAN. [Vestnik of the Far East Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences], 2017, no.2, pp. 84–90. (In Russian).
6. Lyzhin D. N. Organicheskoe sel'skoe khozyaistvo v kontekste strategii zelenogo rosta [Organic agriculture in the context of the green growth strategy]. Bioekonomika i ekobiopolitika [Bioeconomics and Ecobiopolitics], 2016, no. 1, pp. 9–16. (In Russian). DOI: moluch.ru/th/7/archive/26/1147/.
7. Van Mansvel't Ya.D., Temirbekova S.K. Organicheskoe sel'skoe khozyaistvo: printsipy, opyt i perspektivy [General position of organic agriculture in Western Europe: concept, practical aspects and global prospects]. Sel'skokhozyaistvennaya biologiya [Agricultural Biology], 2017, vol. 52, no. 3, pp. 478–486. (In Russian).
8. Eleshev R.E., Balgabaev A.M., Salykova A.S. Perspektivy organicheskogo zemledeliya v Kazakhstane: sostoyanie i puti dal'neishego razvitiya [Prospects for organic farming in Kazakhstan: state and ways of further development]. Izvestiya Natsional'noi Akademii nauk Respubliki Kazakhstan [Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Kazakhstan], 2017, no. 5 (41), pp. 48–52. (In Russian).
9. Kenenbaev S.B. Prioritetnye napravleniya issledovanii Kazakhskogo NII zemledeliya i rastenievodstva v oblasti organicheskogo zemledeliya [Priority areas of research of the Kazakh Research Institute of Agriculture and Plant Growing in the field of organic farming]. Vestnik s.-kh. nauki Kazakhstana [Bulletin of Agricultural Science of Kazakhstan], 2015, no. 5–6, pp. 5–11. (In Russian).
10. Grigoruk V.V. Razvitie organicheskogo sel'skogo khozyaistva v mire i Kazakhstane. [Development of organic agriculture in the world and Kazakhstan]. Prodovol'stvennaya i sel'skokhozyaistvennaya organizatsiya ob"edinennykh natsii [Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations]. Ankara, 2016, 168 p. (In Russian).
11. Kenenbaev S.B., Iorganskii A.I., Kireev A.K., Amangaliev B.M. Izmenenie plodorodiya svetlo-kashtanovykh pochv yugo-vostoka Kazakhstana v plodosmennykh sevooborotakh pri razlichnykh sposobakh osnovnoi obrabotki [Changes in the fertility of light chestnut soils in the south-east of Kazakhstan in fruit-rotated crop rotations at different methods of tillage]. Zemledelie [Zemledelie], 2017, no.8, pp. 36–41. (In Russian).
12. Ramazanova S.B., Abugalieva A.I., Kenenbaev S.B., Gusev V.N. Mineral’noe pitanie ozimoi pshenitsy na yugo-vostoke Kazakhstana [Mineral nutrition of winter wheat in the southeast of Kazakhstan]. Almaty: «Ekonomika» Publ., 2017, 112 p. (In Russian).
13. Kenenbayev S., Jorgansky A. Adaptive landscape agricultural development in the southeast of the Republic of Kazakhstan. Research on crops, 2018, no. 1, vol. 19, рр. 144–149.
14. Kenenbaev S.B., Bastaubaeva Sh.O., Bekbatyrov M.B., Ospanova S.O. Vliyanie razlichnykh sredstv biologizatsii zemledeliya na izmenenie biokhimicheskikh svoistv i plodorodie svetlo-kashtanovykh pochv [Influence of various means of biologization of agriculture on changes in the biochemical properties and fertility of light chestnut soils]. Izvestiya NAN RK. Seriya agrarnykh nauk [News of NAS RK. Series of Agricultural Sciences], 2017, no. 5 (41), pp. 58–64. (In Russian).
15. Kenenbaev S.B., Elnazarkyzy R., Didorenko S.V., Ospanbaev Zh.O. Resursosberegayushchaya tekhnologiya vozdelyvaniya soi v oroshaemom zemledelii [Resource-saving technology of soybean cultivation in irrigated agriculture]. Issledovaniya, rezul'taty [Research, Results], 2019, no 2, pp. 197–201. (In Russian).
Review
For citations:
Kenenbaev S.B. The role of biological means in organic agriculture. Siberian Herald of Agricultural Science. 2020;50(3):103-110. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.26898/0370-8799-2020-3-11
Views:
357
Email this article 