Nutrient regime of irrigated meadow-chernozem soils under long-term intensive use
https://doi.org/10.26898/0370-8799-2021-2-1
Abstract
The patterns of phosphorus and potassium status of soils were studied given the improvement of agricultural technologies of irrigated agriculture. Long-term studies were carried out in an experimental grain-grass crop rotation on irrigated meadow-chernozem soil. The experimental plot is located in the southern forest-steppe of Omsk region. Intensive use of irrigated arable land with a rational combination of moisture and mineral nutrition regimes contributes to obtaining maximum yields of forage and grain crops. The creation of various conditions for mineral nutrition due to an increased and high supply of mobile phosphorus and with the application of different options of agricultural technologies made it possible to simulate possible agro-ecological conditions that form contrasting indices of crop productivity. A comparative assessment of the effectiveness of various agricultural approaches to growing crops under irrigation conditions indicates that soil cultivation techniques and forecrops did not significantly affect the content of available phosphorus in the soil. The equilibrium content of mobile phosphorus given a long-term negative balance changed insignificantly. The systematic application of phosphorus-containing fertilizers significantly increased the phosphate status of the soil. However, an adequate assessment of the phosphate status of arable soils is possible using several diagnostic indices (methods). Long-term intensive use of irrigated arable land has reduced the reserves of easily exchangeable potassium from 4 to 1-2 mg/100 g of soil in the arable layer. The content of exchangeable potassium has also decreased by almost 2 times, but the soil remains in a high and very high class of its availability. However, a number of indicators show its increasing depletion in the most mobile fractions of soil potassium. The reserves of non-exchangeable potassium are more stable, which have decreased by about 19% over 40 years, and the soil has passed into the category with an unstable supply.
About the Authors
I. F. Khramtsov
Omsk Agrarian Scientific Center
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
Ivan F. Khramtsov - RAS Academician, Head Researcher
26, Korolev Ave., Omsk, 644012.
V. S. Boyko
Omsk Agrarian Scientific Center
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
Vasily S. Boyko - Doctor of Science in Agriculture, Deputy Director of Research.
26, Korolev Ave., Omsk, 644012.
References
1. Afanasyev R.A., Merzlaya G.E. Dynamics of mobile forms of phosphorus and potassium in soils of long-term experiments. Doklady Rossiiskoi akademii sel'skokhozyaistvennykh nauk = Russian Agricultural Sciences, 2013, no. 3, pp. 30–33. (In Russian).
2. Davlyatshin I.D., Lukmanov A.A., Mametov M.I. Sources of phosphorus and their contribution to its reserves in arable soils in the forest-steppe zone. Dostizheniya nauki i tekhniki APK = Achievements of Science and Technology of AIC, 2018, vol. 32, no. 4, pp. 21–24. (In Russian).
3. Sychev V.G. The current state of soil fertility and the main aspects of its regulation. Moscow, SO RAN Publ., 2019, 328 p. (In Russian).
4. Tsvey Ya.P., Ivanina V.V., Petrova E.T., Dubovy Yu.P. Influence of crop rotation and systems of fertilizers on the phosphoric regime of leached black soil. Zemledelie, 2014, no. 2, pp. 17–20. (In Russian).
5. Shafran S.A., Kirpichnikov N.A. Scientific bases for predicting the content of mobile forms of phosphorus and potassium in soils. Agrokhimiya = Agricultural Chemistry, 2019, no. 4, pp. 3–10. (In Russian).
6. Khristenko A.A. The level of dynamic equilibrium of phosphate systems of arable soils. Agrokhimiya = Agricultural Chemistry, 2004, no. 5, pp. 78–84. (In Russian).
7. Danilova A.A. Optimal doses of phosphorus fertilizers (soil-biochemical aspects of the problem) Sibirskii vestnik sel'skokhozyaistvennoi nauki = Siberian Herald of Agricultural Science, 2019, vol. 49, no. 3, pp. 5–15. (In Russian).
8. Sereda N.A., Lukyanov S.A., Bogdanov F.M., Halimullin K.Z. Changes in the stocks of exchangeable potassium in the chernozems of the Southern Urals during their long-term agricultural use. Agrokhimiya = Agricultural Chemistry, 2000, no. 1, pp. 13–22. (In Russian).
9. Yakimenko V.N. Changes in the content of potassium forms depending on the soil profile with different potassium balance in agrocenoses. Agrokhimiya = Agricultural Chemistry, 2007, no. 3, pp. 5–11. (In Russian).
10. Lazarev V.I., Lazareva R.I., Ilyin B.S., Boeva N.N. Potash regime in typical chernozem under its long-term agricultural use in different agroecosystems. Agrokhimiya = Agricultural Chemistry, 2020, no. 2, pp. 14–19. (In Russian).
11. Nosko B.S. Changes in the potash fund of chernozems during plowing of a multi-year layland. Pochvovedenie = Eurasian Soil Science, 1999, no. 12, pp. 1474–1480. (In Russian).
12. Yakimenko V.N. Potassium in the agrocenoses of Western Siberia. Novosibirsk, SO RAN Publ., 2003, 231 p. (In Russian).
13. Prokoshev V.V., Deryugin I.P. Potassium and potash fertilizers. Moscow, Ledum Publ., 2000, 185 p. (In Russian).
Review
For citations:
Khramtsov I.F., Boyko V.S. Nutrient regime of irrigated meadow-chernozem soils under long-term intensive use. Siberian Herald of Agricultural Science. 2021;51(2):5-12. https://doi.org/10.26898/0370-8799-2021-2-1
Views:
302
Email this article 