Wheat cultivation depending on the method of seeding and nitrogen fertilizer application

Abstract

The advantages and disadvantages of the most common types of seed drills are presented. A coulter has been studied that makes it possible to introduce mineral fertilizers below the level of sowing cereal seeds with preservation of the soil layer between them. Two-factor field experiment was conducted in four replications with a constant seeding rate of spring soft wheat Omskaya 36 4.5 million germinated seeds/ha in 2021. The rate of mineral fertilizers with a nitrogen content of 34.4% was 0 (control), 100, 150, 200 kg / ha on each type of the studied work tools. The results of comparative studies of the quality of three types of coulters on the basis of a serial seeder SKP2,1 are presented. During the field experiment, the depth of seed embedding, field germination, yield and grain quality were determined according to the variants. The best seeding depth of spring wheat seeds was provided by combined and disc coulters. The highest field germination (72.7%) was obtained when seeding with combined coulters with the introduction of ammonium nitrate at a rate of 150 kg / ha, disc coulters at the same rate - 71.0%, with a standard tine coulter - 55.1%. The highest yield (3.18 t/ha) was obtained when seeding with SKP-2,1K drill with combined coulters at the application of 150 kg/ha of ammonium nitrate. At the same rate of fertilizer application, the yield when seeding with disc coulters was 3.16 t/ha. The content of crude gluten in the control variant was 31.2%, when seeding with a combined coulter - 34.1%, when seeding with a disc coulter with the introduction of ammonium nitrate in the physical weight of 200 kg/ha - 33.4%.