A SOWING TOOL TO REALIZE FURROW BAND SOWING OF GRAIN CROPS

Abstract

Results are given from theoretical and experimental studies on the effectiveness of forming a drill furrow at furrow band sowing of grain crops. The basic geometrical parameters of the drill furrow were determined depending on soil moisture and operating speed of a seeding unit. As the operating speed of the unit and soil moisture increase, the top furrow width (breakdown of the furrow) increases in a linear way practically, with that, the bottom furrow width decreases in a linear way as well. As the operating speed of the unit and soil moisture increase, the height of soil layer from the furrow bottom (presowing soil treatment depth) to the surface has a tendency to decrease. The maximum depth of seed placement was observed at the operating speed of the unit of higher than 8 km/h and soil moisture of more than 21 per cent. At soil moisture of 13–24 per cent and operating speeds of the unit of 6–10 km/h, the anchor openers together with cutout disks provide the realization of furrow band sowing against the mulched backgrounds with the following parameters of the drill furrow: the up furrow width of 147–175 mm, the bottom furrow width of 78–94 mm. With these values of operating speeds and soil moistures, the height of mulching layer above seeds made up 32–57 mm with the complete absence of seeds above ground. There is substantiated the use of the engineering tool with anchor-disk openers entering the soil at an acute angle and with diverse structural elements for placing seeds into the moistened soil horizon.