Changes in the physical properties of fallow lands during their regeneration

The change of physical and mechanical properties of soil depending on the methods of its cultivation has been studied. The experiments were carried out in the Novosibirsk region from April to September 2023. To study the structure of the soil, a soil section was made to a depth of 0.7 meters. It was determined that the soil at the experiment plots was gray forest, the thickness of the turf layer was on average 10 cm, the depth of the humus horizon 25–27 cm, a layer of sandy loam was observed under the humus layer. Fallow land cultivation was carried out by the tillage combine AKP-2.5N with MTР-80L tractor and the working width of 1.8 meters. The working body of the AKP-2.5N was made in a form of a straight rack with a blade measuring 410 mm, in addition, a small screen was installed on the rack. The unit provides for the installation of the rollers with a size of 600 mm. To determine the operating modes of the unit, studies were carried out in the soil channel. It was found that the operating speed of the unit with installed screen should be no more than 2.22 m/s or 8 km/h. The conditions of the experiment: gray forest soil, air temperature not lower than 10 ⁰C; air humidity no more than 70%; relative humidity of at least 18%, wind speed not higher than 2 m/s; the average length of the rut is not less than 70 m and without stones on the field. It has been concluded that the most rational way to introduce fallow gray forest soils into agricultural circulation is to treat them with AKP-2.5N units with working bodies equipped with blades. After three treatments, the content of soil particles less than 10 mm is up to 93.1%, the soil absorbs moisture faster and reduces the hardness to 15 kg/cm², which corresponds to the hardness of the soil of the field in rotation. Equations of regularity of changes in the fractional composition of soil with a size of less than 10 mm and more than 50 mm depending on the timing and number of treatments have been obtained.

1. Bochkarev D.V., Devyatkina T.F., Emel'yanov S.V., Tyukina E.V., Bochkarev V.D. The development of fallow lands requires a systematic approach. Agrarnaya nauka = Agrarian Science, 2020, no. 2, pp. 48–50. (In Russian). DOI: 10.32634/0869-8155-2020-335-2-48-50.

2. Shevchenko V.A., Maksimenko V.P., Gubin V.K., Matveev A.V. Prospects for the use of unmanned aerial vehicles in land reclamation. Melioratsiya i vodnoe khozyaistvo = Irrigation and Water Management, 2018, no. 2, pp. 23–26. (In Russian).

3. Kireicheva L.V., Shevchenko V.A., Yurchenko I.F. Economic efficiency estimation on fallow lands return into agricultural cultivation in the non-chernozem zone of the Russian Federation. Moskovskii ekonomicheskii zhurnal = Moscow economic journal, 2021, no. 3, pp. 245–258. (In Russian). DOI: 10.24412/2413-046Kh-2021-10151.

4. Shamonin V.I. Assessment of quality and energy efficiency in the technology of primary restoration of fixed lands for conditions of organic farming. Izvestiya Sankt-Peterburgskogo gosudarstvennogo agrarnogo universiteta = Izvestiya Saint-Petersburg State Agrarian University, 2019, no. 2 (55). рр. 192–197. (In Russian).

5. Dzhabborov N.I., Shamonin V.I. Comparative assessment of long fallow land rehabilitation technology in very humid environment. Tekhnologii i tekhnicheskie sredstva mekhanizirovannogo proizvodstva produktsii rastenievodstva i zhivotnovodstva = Technologies and Technical Means for Mechanized Production of Crop and Livestock Products, 2018, no. 3 (96), pp. 73–85. (In Russian).

6. Dzhabborov N.I., Shamonin V.I., Sergeev A.V. Energy-saving technology for long fallow land rehabilitation. Tekhnologii i tekhnicheskie sredstva mekhanizirovannogo proizvodstva produktsii rastenievodstva i zhivotnovodstva = Technologies and Technical Means for Mechanized Production of Crop and Livestock Products, 2018, no. 4 (97), pp. 149–159. (In Russian). DOI: 10.24411/0131-5226-2018-10101.

7. Solov'ev S.V., Miller G.F., Bezborodova A.N., Filimonova D.A. Succesion on young and medium age fallows on the forest-steppe zone of Western Siberia in the Novosibirsk region. Mezhdunarodnyi zhurnal prikladnykh i fundamental'nykh issledovanii = International journal of applied and fundamental research, 2018, no. 10, pp. 116–120. (In Russian). DOI: 10.17513/mjpfi.12427.

8. Miller G.F., Solov'ev S.V., Bezborodova A.N., Filimonova D.A., Chumbaev A.S. Revisiting the changes of some properties of the soil developed under young fallow on the territory of the Novosibirsk region. Sovremennye problemy nauki i obrazovaniya = Modern problems of science and education, 2017, no. 6. (In Russian).

9. Golubev I.G., Mishurov N.P., Golubev V.V., Vasil'ev A.S., Apatenko A.S., Sevryugina N.S. Best practices in introducing fallow lands into rotation: an analytical review. Moscow, Rosinformagrotekh Publ., 2021, 80 p. (In Russian).

10. Yakovlev N.S., Nazarov N.N., Rassomakhin G.K., Markin V.V., Chernykh V.I. Use of combined tillage machines to improve soil quality. Vestnik Buryatskoi GSKhA im V.R. Filippova = Bulletin of the BSSA named after V.R. Filippov, 2018, no. 2. рр. 110–116. (In Russian).