Activity of triticale rhizosphere enzymes during inoculation with microbial preparations

Recently, much attention has been paid to the problem of ecological farming in agricultural produc tion due to the increased interest in the production of safe products. The article presents the results of analyzing the dynamics of soil enzyme activity of hydrolases and oxidoreductases class at pre-sowing inoculation of winter triticale seeds (X Triticosecale Wittm. ex A. Camus) of the Bilinda variety with complex microbial preparations based on associative diazotrophic microorganisms. The following microbial preparations were used in the experiment: Flavobacterin (Flavobacterium sp., strain 30), Mizorin (Arthrobacter mysorens, strain 7), Agrophil (Agrobacterium radiobacter, strain 10), Rizobact RZHF (Corynebacterium sp., strain PBT 7) and FZHF (Pseudomonas sp., strain PBT 4). Soil samples were collected at three dates, which corresponded to the phases of booting, earing and wax ripeness. An increase in the urease activity was detected in the wax ripeness phase. The maximum level of the enzyme was recorded in the variants with application of Flavobacterin (30.7 mg NH3 per 10 g of soil) and Rizobact FZHF (30.2 mg NH3 per 10 g of soil). In the same phase, maximum phosphatase values were observed in the variant with application of Mizorin (2.9 mg P2 O5 ), and invertase in the variants with application of Agrophil (15.6 mg glucose) and Rizobact RZHF (16.7 mg glucose). The highest concentration of catalase was observed at the earing phase when Agrophil and Flavobacterin were used (respectively 3.8 and 3.4 ml of O2 released in 2 min per 1 g of soil). High rates of plant height and ear productivity were obtained in the variant with inoculation with Flavobacterin preparation. The increase relative to the control in this case amounted to: by plant height – 5.63%, by ear length – 5.3%, by number of grains – 16.7%, by grain weight per ear – 41.4%.

1. Zavalin A.A., Alferov A.A., Chernova L.S. As sociative nitrogen fixation and the practice of application of biological products in agricultu- ral crops. Agrokhimiya = Agricultural Chemis try, 2019, no. 8, pp. 83−96. (In Russian). DOI: 10.1134/S0002188119080143.

2. Gamzaeva R.S., Bekish L.P. The effect of mi crobial preparations on the enzymatic activity of the rhizosphere and the yield of winter triticale. Trudy Kubanskogo gosudarstvennogo agrarnogo universiteta = Proceedings of the Kuban State Agrarian University, 2022, no. 97, pp. 46−50. (In Russian). DOI: 10.21515/1999-1703-97-46-50.

3. Popova V.I., Chudinov V.A., Boldysheva E.P., Bekmagambetov A.I. Accumulation of plant re- sidues and biological activity of ordinary cherno zems with resource-saving technologies. Vestnik Omskogo gosudarstvennogo agrarnogo univer siteta = Vestnik of Omsk SAU, 2020, no. 2 (38), pp. 89–98. (In Russian).

4. Pinchuk I.P., Polyanskaya L.M., Kirillova N.P., Stepanov A.L. Specific features of the microbial community development in soddy-podzolic soil in the course of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) growing. Pochvovedenie = Eurasian Soil Sci ence, 2018, no. 12, pp. 1498−1505. (In Russian). DOI: 10.1134/S0032180X18120092.

5. Fomicheva N.V., Rabinovich G.Yu., Smirno va Yu.D. Effect of foliar treatment of vegeta tive plants on soil microbial flora. Vestnik ros siyskoy sel’skokhozyaistvennoy nauki = Vestnik of the Russian agricultural science, 2018, no. 6, pp. 19−23. (In Russian). DOI: 10.30850/vrsn/2018/6/19-23.

6. Suslov A.A., Sviridenko D.V., Vasil’eva N.A., Efimova E.S., Yakubovskaya A.I. Effect of "Gu miton" and microbial preparations on the enzy matic activity in the rhizosphere of spring barley. Tavricheskiy vestnik agrarnoy nauki = Taurida Herald of the Agrarian Sciences, 2022, no. 1, рр. 145−154. (In Russian).

7. Nersesyan S.M., Dubovskiy I.M., Korobo va L.N. The influence of the microbial prepa ration BakSib on winter barley and the state of southern chernozem. Vestnik NGAU = Bulletin of NSAU, 2022, no. 3 (64), pp. 55−66. (In Rus sian). DOI: 10.31677/2072-6724-2022-64-3 55-66.

8. Dotaniya M.L., Aparna K., Dotaniya C.K., Ma hendra S., Regar K.L. Role of Soil Enzymes in Sustainable Crop Production. Enzymes in food biotechnology: by editor Mohammed Kuddus, 2019, ch. 33, pp. 569−589. DOI: 10.1016/B978 0-12-813280-7.00033-5.

9. Mel’nichuk T.N., Egovtseva A.Yu., Abdurashi tov S.F., Andronov E.E., Abdurashitova E.R., Radchenko A.F., Ganotskaya T.L., Radchen ko L.A. Associative to Triticum aestivum L. bacteria from chernozems southern and leached. Tavricheskiy vestnik agrarnoy nauki = Tau rida Herald of the Agrarian Sciences, 2019, no. 3 (19), pp. 94−105. (In Russian). DOI: 10.33952/2542-0720-2019-3-19-94-105.

10. Bozhko A.A., Popolzukhina N.A., Khamo va O.F., Popolzukhin P.V., Seytuarova A.D., Shu liko N.N., Parshutkin Yu.Yu. Biological activity of soil rhizosphere of oat (Hordeum vulgare L.) under inoculation of seeds with associative dia- zotrophs. Problemy agrokhimii i ekologii = Agrochemistry and Ecology Problems, 2019, no. 2, pp. 60−64. (In Russian). DOI: 10.26178/ AE.2019.15.54.010.

11. Zakharov S.A. Influence of complex organomi neral fertilizers (COMF) and bioproducts on productivity of winter wheat and biological soil activity in the Ulyanovsk region. Vest nik Ul’yanovskoy gosudarstvennoy sel’sko- khozyaistvennoy akademii = Vestnik of Ulyanovsk State Agricultural Academy, 2021, no. 3 (55), pp. 69–73. (In Russian). DOI: 10.18286/1816-4501-2021-3-69-73.

12. Kolesnikov L.E., Belimov A.A., Kudryavtse va E.Y., Hassan B.A., Kolesnikova Yu.R. Identi f ication of the effectiveness of associative rhizo bacteria in spring wheat cultivation. Agronomy Research, 2021, vol. 19, no. 3, рр. 1530–1544. DOI: 10.15159/AR.21.145.

13. Ramazanova R.H., Kasipkhan A., Botbaeva Zh.T. Biological activity of dark chestnut soil when applying nitrogen fertilizers for spring triticale. Pochvovedenie i agrokhimiya = Soil Science and Agrochemistry, 2023, no. 1, pp. 36–52. (In Rus sian). DOI: 10.51886/1999-740X-2023-1-36.

14. Streletskiy A.M., Khamova O.F., Popolzu- khina N.A. Effectiveness of associate nitro gen fixers in the inoculation of different barley varieties seeds under conditions of the South Western Siberia. Plodorodie = Plodorodie, 2018, no. 4 (103), рр. 49–52. (In Russian). DOI: 10.25680/S19948603.2018.103.16.

15. Cheverdin A.Yu., Cheverdin Yu.I., Turusov V.I. Effect of associative biologics on the micro- biological activity of the segregation chernozem. Agrokhimiya = Agricultural Chemistry, 2019, no. 12, pp. 22–31. (In Russian). DOI: 10.1134/S0002188119120032.

16. Galimzyanova N.F., Kuz’mina L.Yu., Kudo yarova G.R., Vysotskaya L.B., Arkhipova T.N., Sidorova L.V., Guvatova Z.G., Ryabova A.S., Ionina V.I., Gabbasova I.M., Melent’ev A.I. Influence of presowing bacterization of seeds with phosphate-mobilizing and auxin-produ- cing microorganisms on wheat productivity and mobility of soil phosphorus in the rhizosphere. Аgrokhimiya = Agricultural Chemistry, 2018, no. 4, pp. 50–58. (In Russian). DOI: 10.7868/ S0002188118040075.

17. Soboleva O.M. The role of rhizosphere bac teria in enhancing the ecologization of agro cenoses. Dostizheniya nauki i tekhniki APK = Achievements of Science and Technology of AIC, 2018, no. 5, pp. 19–22. (In Russian). DOI: 10.24411/02335-2451-2018-10504.

18. Wang Q., Xiao J., Ding J., Liu Q., Yin H. Dif ferences in root exudate inputs and rhizosphere effects on soil N transformation between de ciduous and evergreen trees. Plant Soil, 2021, no. 458, pp. 277–289. DOI: 10.1007/s11104 019-04156-0.

19. Anokhina T.O., Siunova T.V., Sizova O.I., Zakharchenko N.S., Kochetkov V.V. Rhizospheric bacteria of the genus Pseudomonas in modern agrobiotechnology. Аgrokhimiya = Agricultural Chemistry, 2018, no. 10, pp. 54–66. (In Rus sian). DOI: 10.1134/S0002188118100034.

20. Magda E.V., Mazirov M.A., Zinchenko M.K. Activity of catalase and invertase by different tillage intensity soil. Vladimirskiy zemledelets = Vladimir agricolist, 2022, no. 2 (100), pp. 24−30. (In Russian). DOI: 10.24412/2225-2584-2022 2-24-30.

21. Popolzukhina N.A., Bozhko A.A., Khamo va O.F., Popolzukhin P.V., Seytuarova A.D. Evaluation of the effect of the drugs rizoagrin and azorizin on various varieties of oats in the southern forest-steppe of Western Siberia. Omsk, 2022, 88 p. (In Russian).