Fertility of steppe soils of the Republic of Khakassia

   Soil-geobotanical survey of the main erosion-prone agricultural landscapes of the steppe zone of the Republic of Khakassia was carried out by laying six benchmark sites on the testing areas selected by the Earth remote sensing method. Based on the morphological description of the sections, the following soil types were identified: ordinary and southern chernozem, dark chestnut and chestnut soils. The projective coverage of ordinary black soil was 58 %, southern black soil – 35–66 %, dark chestnut soil – 60 %, chestnut soil – 40%. Vegetation cover on the arable soils is represented by cultivated and weedy vegetation, on the pastures – by herbaceous associations with fine- and sod forming plants of true steppes. Genetic horizons of the studied sections correspond to the soil type. Soil fertility is very low due to both soil formation factors and natural and anthropogenic digression processes. The close occurrence of carbonates from the surface (20–35 cm) with low precipitation and predominance of exudational water regime resulted in alkalinization of the upper (0–20 cm) soil layer. Calcium pre-dominates among the absorbed bases. Its content relative to magnesium concentration is 2.5 and 5.5 times higher on chestnut and chernozem soils, respectively. The most fertile soils formed in the most moistened Shirinsky steppe contain up to 3.3–3.4% of organic matter. In the soils of drier steppes in the southern part of the republic there is a decrease in organic matter content to 2.1–2.9%. The concentration of total nitrogen also varied in accordance with the organic matter content, ranging from 0.17–0.29 mg/kg. Medium and high degree of biogenic accumulation of mobile forms of phosphorus and potassium in the arable layer was noted. Thus, the correlation of mobile phosphate and potassium content with total nitrogen was 0.45 and 0.97, respectively. The average content of mobile phosphates was recorded in chernozems and dark chestnut soil (15.3–23.6 mg/kg), low – in chestnut soil. Potassium supply varied from very high in the soils of Shirinskaya steppe to high and elevated in southern chernozems and chestnut soils of Koibalskaya and Uibatskaya steppes.

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